Plant Origin Of Propolis Riched In Flavonoids

Propolis (bee glue) is a sticky dark-colored material that honeybees collect from living plants and mix with wax. It is always used in construction and adaptation of their nests. It has various biological activities including antioxidant, antineoplastic and antidiabetic activities, which have high correlation with their components. The components and its biological activities of propolis in China, one of the most producing areas of propolis, have been widely explored. So far, it’s well known that Chinese propolis is poplar-type propolis. However, the reports about components and plant origin of Chinese propolis were various. Thus, we qualitative and quantitative analysis22propolis with high content of flavonoids and establish their finger-print Additionally, we use phytochemistry and molecular biology methods to study plant origin of propolis. Finally, we explored the changes of phenolics components of Populus Simonii×nigra buds during July in2013to June in2014.1. Based on the lab of forefathers’research, we choose22of propolis as samples. We use ultrasonic-assisted75wt.%ethanol/water solvent to extract and analyze to their phenolics by HPLC-DAD and standards. We identified29components from these propolis and usedp-coumaric acid,3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid, pinobanksin, pinocembrin,pinobanksin3-acetate, chrysin, pentenyl caffeate and galangin as characteristic components.2. Collect the buds of Populus ussuriensis Kom., Populus koreana, Populus cathayana, Populus Simonii×nigra6kilometer range around the hive. We also qualitative and quantitative analysis the buds ethanol extracts. By comparing the HPLC figures of propolis in Yichun and buds of Populus ussuriensis Kom., Populus koreana, Populus cathayana, Populus Simonii×nigra, we found that HPLC figures and components of Populus Simonii×nigra showed high similarity. So, we hypothesis Populus Simonii×nigra is the plant origin of this type of propolis.3. We explore the plant origin of this type of propolis by PCR-based molecular biological technique. We extract DNA from22of propolis samples, Populus (Populus ussuriensis Kom., Populus koreana, Populus cathayana, Populus Simonii×nigra), Pinus, Salix and Birch by CTAB method. Use a plant universal primer18S rDNA to amplify propolis DNA. Additionally, we design a species-specific qPCR primer using a isoprene synthase mRNA of Populus. We also specific amplified all the propolis and plant genomic DNA. The results demonstrated that the species-specific primer showed a good specificity to distinguish Populus, Pinus and Birch by the Tm value of melting curve. However, this primer cannot differentiate Populus ussuriensis Kom., Populus koreana, Populus cathayana, Populus Simonii xnigra and Salix. Tm values of propolis, Populus and Salix were same,81.5℃. Additionally, though sequencing of ordinary PCR product of propolis, Popolus and Salix, we got the same sequence. Thus our results showed that Salicaceae, not Pinus and Birch, maybe the plant origin of this type of propolis.4. In order to explore whether the collection time influence the components of propolis, we collected the bus of Populus Simonii×nigra during July2013to June2014and analyzed their components. The results showed that the bees collected resin during May to August and the components of propolis varied less with various collection times, because the change of components of buds resin was very little.