Research On Release Characteristics,environmental Impact And The Human Healthy Risk Of VOCs In Consumer Products

VOCs are important precursors for the formation of ozone（O₃）and secondary aerosols（SOA）.In recent years,in order to improve air quality,the state has introduced corresponding control policies for VOCs emissions from industrial and mobile sources,which have achieved obvious results.However,ozone（O₃）concentrations are still high,and considering the high usage of consumer products.It is necessary to carry out a study on the emission characteristics of VOCs from consumer products with reference to the experience of the United States and other countries in the control of VOCs from consumer products,to assess their impact on the atmospheric environment and the possible health risks to consumers during the usage.In this paper,we developed a comprehensive method for analyzing VOCs in consumer products based on gas chromatography/mass spectrometry（with flame ionization detector）（GC-MS/FID）technology,and studied the release characteristics of VOCs in nail cosmetics,hair cosmetic products and auto repair products to investigate the possible risks to environmental impact and human health.The results obtained are as follows:（1）A comprehensive method for the analysis of VOCs in consumer products was developed based on GC-MS/FID to provide a complete analysis of the possible VOCs and their contents in consumer products.Due to the wide variation in the types and nature of consumer products,different pre-treatments were used to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the VOCs components in consumer products according to the properties of the samples.For aerosol products,it is important to accurately measure the propellant content in aerosol products because of the large contribution of propellant release to O₃.A sampling device for propellant was developed,and the total amount of propellant was obtained by releasing propellant into a Tedlar sampling bag,and then the content of different components was analyzed using GC-MS/FID.For the liquid part of aerosol products and non-aerosol products,different extractants are selected for different types of products,and the VOCs are analyzed by using liquid-liquid extraction combined with GC-MS/FID.If the product label indicates the presence of some volatile small molecule alcohols and other solvents,further analysis using HS-GC-MS/FID is required to determine the characteristics of these compounds.Finally,the results obtained from different pre-treatment methods were summed to obtain the total VOCs content in the product.The results of the actual samples showed that the method is comprehensive and reproducible for the VOCs in consumer products.（2）The release characteristics of VOCs in nail cosmetics were measured by HS-GC-MS/FID,and the average concentrations of VOCs ranged from0.012 to 1 g-g^-1,and the main VOCs categories were amines,esters,terpenes and alcohols.By calculating the ozone formation potential（OFP）of VOCs in various types of nail products,it was found that the O₃contribution per unit mass of organic solvent-based nail polish was the largest.The categories of VOCs with the highest O₃contribution in each type of nail products were amines,benzenes,and alcohols.Using the human health risk evaluation system to calculate the inhalation exposure hazard caused during use,it was found that the non-carcinogenic risk hazard quotient（HQ）of VOCs in nail cosmetics for humans ranged from 9.25×10^-7-6.29×10^-3,and there was no non-carcinogenic risk for adult females.（3）We investigated the VOCs release characteristics in hair cosmetic products using a comprehensive method based on GC-MS/FID developed for the analysis of VOCs,and evaluated the contribution of VOCs to O₃,secondary aerosol（SOA）formation,and the risk of contact allergic dermatitis.The results showed that 89 VOCs components were detected in 11 hair cosmetic products.The VOCs types were mainly alkanes,terpenes,alcohols,ethers,esters and siloxanes.In addition,the VOCs species that contributed most to O₃formation were alcohols,ethers and alkanes,while the VOCs species in the 11 hair cosmetic products had less impact on SOA.Through quantitative risk assessment modeling,VOCs were found not to cause skin contact allergic dermatitis at the time of use.In addition,the content of glycol phenyl ether in hair masks,elastics,styling gels,hair clay and hair waxes were>1.0%（the maximum concentration considered safe for use as a preservative by the Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety）,which is a potential health hazard and deserves the attention of the national authorities.（4）The release characteristics of VOCs from auto repair products were investigated using a comprehensive method for VOCs analysis developed based on GC-MS/FID,and the contribution of VOCs to the formation of O₃and SOA,and the carcinogenic risk from inhalation exposure were evaluated.The results showed that 157 VOCs were detected in 13 auto repair products,and the main VOCs types in auto repair products were benzene,alkanes,cycloalkanes,olefins,alcohols,ethers,esters and acids.The types of VOCs that contributed most to the formation of O₃were benzenes,alcohols,ethers and alkanes,while those that contributed most to the formation of SOA were alkanes and benzenes.Using the human health risk evaluation system to calculate the inhalation exposure hazard caused during use,it was found that the non-carcinogenic risk hazard quotient（HQ）of benzenes and alkanes in auto repair products is partially less than 1（0.02-0.45）,which means there is no non-carcinogenic risk during use,and partially greater than 1（1.56-3.23）,which means benzenes and alkanes in auto repair products may cause non-carcinogenic risk to maintenance workers with non-carcinogenic risks.