| The core area of Zhengzhou Megalopolis is an important economic development center in Henan Province.The continuous expansion of urban construction land inevitably encroaches on arable land,causing a decline in its quality.High-intensity anthropogenic activities also have a serious impact on the ecological environment of the region.The lack of synergy between urban construction and ecological protection has gradually become an important factor limiting the ecological construction in the core area of Zhengzhou Megalopolis.How to optimize the spatial structure layout to realize the coordinated management of regional "ecology-society" needs to be explored.Since the 18 th National Congress,the construction of ecological civilization has been receiving national attention,and ecological function zoning and ecosystem assessment have gradually become the basis of ecological construction.In-depth understanding of multiple ecosystem services in the core area of Zhengzhou Megalopolis is beneficial to ecosystem management and ecological construction,and ecosystem service bundles have been used in ecological function zoning studies because of their advantages in identifying dominant ecosystem services.Based on this idea,this study has carried out an eco-functional zoning of the core area of Zhengzhou Megalopolis and optimized the overall spatial structure layout based on the results of the study,aiming to improve the ecosystem service function of the study area and promote the sustainable development of the regional "eco-society".The article mainly uses the In VEST model and other methods to quantitatively assess the spatial distribution characteristics of ecosystem services in the core area of Zhengzhou Megalopolis in 2010,2015 and 2020,identifies the ecosystem service bundles based on MATLAB R2021 a software,and carries out ecological function zoning based on these results,and finally optimizes the overall spatial structure of the area by integrating the research results and actual characteristics.It provides a reference for achieving sustainable urban development.The main conclusions of the study are as follows:(1)The overall pattern of food supply(FP)services is high in the southeast and low in the northwest,with obvious geographical differences,and the low value area is mainly located in the main urban area of Zhengzhou in the north of the study area.Water supply(WP)services are evenly distributed in the study area,but there are urban-rural differences.The high-value areas are mainly located in the urban built-up areas,while the low-value areas are more widely distributed.Carbon sequestration(CS)services are generally distributed high in the west and low in the east,and the high value areas are mainly distributed in the mountainous hilly areas such as Song Shan,Fuxi Mountain and Ji Mountain in the west.The distribution of high and low value areas for soil conservation(SR)service is significantly different,with the high value areas mainly distributed in the western Songshan,Fuxi Mountain and Jishan area,Gongyi City,Dengfeng City and Xinmi City,while the low value areas are generally distributed in most areas in the east,south and north.The high value areas of habitat quality(HQ)are mainly distributed in the areas with high vegetation cover,such as Mt.The landscape aesthetics(LA),on the other hand,mainly shows a spatial distribution pattern of high in the northwest and low in the east and south.(2)The main drivers affecting the changes of FP(food supply),CS(carbon sequestration),HQ(habitat quality),and LA(landscape aesthetics)in 2010,2015,and 2020 are CZHL(urbanization rate)and GDP(gross domestic product).The main drivers affecting WP(water supply)and SR(soil conservation)are PD(population density).(3)In order to obtain the optimal number of ecosystem service bundles to better guide the ecological function zoning,the optimal number of bundles is 3 by using the R language fviz_nbclust function(R package factoextra),CS(carbon sequestration)service capacity is named as ecological conservation bundle,WP(water supply)service capacity is named as urban living bundle,and food supply capacity is named as food supply bundle,and correspondingly divided into three ecological function areas,namely ecological conservation area,ecological quality improvement area and food supply area.(4)The overall spatial structure of the core area of Zhengzhou Megalopolis can be planned as "one belt,two corridors and three areas with multiple points".One belt is to build the core axis of ecological protection of wetlands along the Yellow River,to promote the restoration of native habitats along the Yellow River by designating buffer zones,and to transform the fish ponds along the Yellow River,aiming to protect the ecological environment along the Yellow River and enhance the stability of the ecosystem.The two corridors are the ecological conservation corridor along the South-North Water Transfer Central Line water source and trunk canal,and the ecological conservation corridor of the Sha Ying River,with a view to strengthening the connection between the east-west and north-south directions of the region.The three zones are ecological conservation zone,ecological quality improvement zone and food supply zone.The ecological conservation zone should focus on protection and restoration,protecting natural forests and enhancing the CS(carbon sequestration),SR(soil conservation)and HQ(habitat quality)service capacity of mountain and forest land.The ecological quality enhancement zone should focus on improving ecological quality,focusing on infrastructure construction in the major built-up areas of cities in the core area of Zhengzhou Megalopolis,appropriately softening urban river barges,reducing impervious surface areas,increasing green infrastructure construction,increasing green space coverage,and improving the ability of cities to cope with floods.The food supply area should focus on strengthening the construction of high-standard farmland and smart agricultural infrastructure in the important agricultural products production areas in the plains of Xinzheng,Zhongmou County,Xuchang City and Kaifeng City,selecting native tree species such as poplar and acacia to build farmland protection forest belts in the urban integration area,fully exploiting the ecological service functions of agricultural space,developing leisure agriculture and building ecological farm parks.Multiple points are laid out for even and synergistic ecological nodes,new ecological nodes are constructed by relying on existing ecological nodes such as nature reserves and forest parks,and large green areas such as country parks and comprehensive parks are built when available,and ecological nodes can also be increased through measures such as increasing street green areas and building pocket parks.The study uses ecosystem service bundles to carry out ecological function zoning,and proposes the overall regional spatial structure planning of "one belt,two corridors,three zones and multiple points",which is of practical significance and can provide reference experience for the core area of Zhengzhou Megalopolis and the whole Megalopolis for the construction of ecological civilization and the realization of sustainable development goals. |
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