| In recent years,with the rapid development of science and technology,people’s demand for energy is increasing day by day.As the gradual depletion of traditional fossil energy has led to a serious energy shortage,the global energy crisis will follow one after another,and it is imminent to find new energy sources.Compared with traditional energy sources,supercapacitors,as a new type of electrical energy storage technology,have attracted widespread attention due to their advantages such as high-power density,good stability,long cycle life and environmental friendliness.It is a key energy storage device to overcome the shortcomings of traditional capacitors and rechargeable batteries.In addition,supercapacitors have the ability to store and release a large amount of charge instantaneously.Compared with traditional lithium batteries,supercapacitors have higher energy density and achieve a delicate balance between power density and energy density.In addition to electric energy,traditional fossil energy is the main energy supply in the world,and its daily oil spill pollution has undoubtedly caused great harm to the ecological environment and human health.Therefore,it is necessary to develop an oil-water separation material with excellent performance and environmental friendliness.Among them,porous organic polymers（POPs）,as a new type of polymer,have attracted extensive attention from researchers because of their high specific surface area,large internal volume,adjustable pore size,and good thermal stability.At the same time,POPs can obtain new characteristics by synthesizing POPs with different target structures and functions by selecting different building monomers and post-synthetic modifications.Therefore,as a new type of material,POPs have broad application prospects in the field of electrochemistry and oil-water separation.This paper mainly explores the design and synthesis of functional porous organic polymers,aiming to be used in the fields of energy storage and oil-water separation of supercapacitors.The main research contents are as follows:（1）In Chapter 2,considering the electron-deficiency of N atoms,we rationally design the polymer structure.Porous organic polymer LNU-72 was successfully prepared by Sonogashira coupling reaction using rigid planar aromatic compound hexaazyridine（HATN）and 4,4’-diethynylbiphenyl as monomers.Using KOH to etch the porous organic polymer framework at different temperatures solved the problem of insufficient polymer conductivity caused by the large conjugated system of LNU-72,and further obtained a series of porous carbon materials LNU-72s.Among them,LNU-72-700 has very high theoretical capacity(740 F g-1),cycle stability（capacitance retention rate of 83%after 10000 cycles）and rate performance(capacitance retention rate at current density of 20 A g-1 is 66%).This is due to the high specific surface area of LNU-72-700,the rich and hierarchical porous structure and the heteroatom effect brought about by the self-doping of N atoms.The above results prove that the KOH-activated HATN porous carbon material has potential application value in the field of supercapacitor energy storage.（2）In chapter 3,we further introduced benzoquinone into hydrophobic porous organic polymer LNU-28 by using tetrabromo-p-benzoquinone and 1,3,5-triethynylbenzene as monomers through Sonogashira coupling reaction.Due to the characteristics of the Sonogashira coupling reaction,a large number of alkynyl groups and benzene ring structures form a conjugated structure,which makes LNU-28 have a hierarchical porous structure and excellent superhydrophobicity.We loaded LUN-28powder on polyester fabric by a simple dip coating method.Based on the unique structure of LNU-28,the surface roughness of the polyester fabric increased significantly,and the water contact angle of the polyester fabric increased from 130.4°to 154.1°.The superhydrophobic polyester fabric loaded with LNU-28 has an oil-water separation efficiency of more than 90%for various organic solvents,and has good self-cleaning performance.After 5 cycles,the separation efficiency has almost no attenuation,and the water contact angle does not change significantly under various harsh environments,indicating that this type of material has a good application prospect in oil-water separation. |
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