| Objective Rapid and successful bleeding control is a major problem in trauma care.Sometimes using hemostatic products is the first line of treatment.The mechanism of commercial hemostatic agents is usually simple.Commercial hemostatic materials frequently fail to deliver prompt hemostasis and even prolong bleeding when there is a mismatch between type of bleeding and patient’s situation.The main foundations for the design of hemostatic materials are the construction of a physical hemostatic barrier and the activation of physiological coagulation.Through a dual network interpenetration design and interfacial bridging mechanism,we expect to develop a novel adhesive hemostatic hydrogel patch composed of a hydrogel matrix doped with active groups and nanoclay glue.The hydrogel patch should be able to establish wet strong adhesion state and successfully stop bleeding fast via both physical blocking and coagulation promotion,which will enrich the variety of hemostatic materials,provide new ideas for the design of hemostatic materials,and give a better selection of clinical hemostatic strategies.Methods A dual-network hydrogel matrix composed of long polyacrylamide-METAC hybrid chains and gelatin short networks was prepared by photo-crosslinking.Tensile tests and fracture toughness tests were used to characterize the mechanical properties of the dual network hydrogel matrix itself.After interfacial contact,the nano-glue and the dual network hydrogel matrix worked together to establish an adhesion interface with the adherent substrate.The adhesion interface strength of the adhesive hemostatic hydrogel patch was determined by lap shear test,180° peel test,adhesion tensile test and burststrength test.Using scanning electron microscopy to observe the microstructure of dual network hydrogel matrix,the adhesive hemostatic hydrogel patch,and the adhesion interface.To demonstrate hemostatic properties of adhesive hydrogel patch,in vitro dynamic whole blood clotting assay,isolated organ haemostasis simulation,and rat liver injury hemostasis model were performed.Hemocompatibility test,cell live-dead staining,and CCK-8 cytotoxicity analysis were applied to evaluate the biocompatibility,of the adhesive hydrogel patch.Results The adhesive hemostatic hydrogel patch had strong mechanical properties,and its adhesive strength was higher than commercial materials in various adhesion tests.The pore-like structure of the double-network hydrogel matrix was observed via scanning electron microscopy,with nanoclays tightly packed on the hydrogel matrix surface.The adhesion interface composed of hydrogel matrix,nanoglue and tissue had a sandwichlike structure.In vitro dynamic whole blood clotting assay,the control group required long incubation time to form blood clots,while the adhesive hemostatic hydrogel patch had the ability to promote clotting time and blood clots appered within 1min.Rapid bleeding control was achieved mainly via the physical sealing ability of adhesive hemostatic hydrogel patch in the hemostasis simulation of isolated organs.There was almost no blood leakage after using the novel hemostatic patch for 30 s in the rat liver defect hemostasis model.And the adhesive hemostatic hydrogel patch had good compatibility with hemocytes and L929 mouse fibroblast cells.Conclusion In this study,a novel adhesive hemostatic hydrogel patch was successfully designed and prepared to achieve hemostasis by a dual mechanism including strong physical barrier and coagulation acceleration via the mechanical support of dual-network hydrogel matrix and the adhesion enhancement of nano glue.This novel hemostatic material with tough adhesion properties can quickly build a strong adhesion interface even in complex bleeding conditions,which provides a new method to endow hemostatic hydrogel with wet robust adhesion and improves hemostatic ability. |
