Study On Activated PMS Degradation Of Organic Small Molecule Drugs In Water By Copper Iron Ore And Its Derivatives

The use of antibiotics has produced super bacteria.For this reason,humans have adopted more expensive and stronger antibiotics to subdue such bacteria,especially carbamazepine（CBZ）and ciprofloxacin（CIP）,which are widely distributed in various water basins.Advanced oxidation technologies（SR-AOPs）based on the production of sulfate radical（SO₄·^-）from persulfate（PMS）are used to remove pollutants.Among various catalytic methods for producing SO₄·^-,metal heterogeneous catalysis has great advantages in cost and energy consumption.At the same time,the recyclability of nano-catalysts and the toxicity of antibiotic degradation paths and intermediates are explored.Therefore,this paper studies the preparation of copper iron ore（（3R+2H）-Cu Fe O₂）and its derivatives（Cu Fe₂O₄/Cu O）,and then the activation of PMS to remove CBZ and CIP in water,and studies the degradation mechanism of corresponding antibiotics and the toxicity of intermediates.The research carried out in this paper is as follows:In this paper,the（3R+2H）-Cu Fe O₂ nanomaterials with different crystal forms were prepared by hydrothermal method,followed by high temperature calcination to prepare Cu Fe₂O₄/Cu O nanomaterials,and various characterization methods were used to analyze the crystal structure and shape of nanocatalysts.In addition,the initial concentration of PMS,the amount of catalyst,the initial p H value,and the anions in the natural water were investigated.The experimental data show that using（3R+2H）-Cu Fe O₂ to activate PMS can generate SO₄·^-,hydroxyl radical（·OH）,singlet oxygen（¹O₂）,superoxide radical（·O₂^-）to degrade CBZ.The degradation efficiency reached85.96%when the amount of（3R+2H）-Cu Fe O₂ was 300 mg·L^-1,the initial concentration of PMS was 200 mg L^-1,and the p H of the initial solution was 6.5 to degrade 10 mg·L^-1 of CBZ for two hours.Then,the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry（LC-MS）and TEST software（Toxicity Estimation Software Tool）were used to analyze and evaluate various intermediates and their toxicity,biodegradability,bioconcentration and other characteristics.For the Cu Fe₂O₄/Cu O nanomaterials prepared by calcining（3R+2H）-Cu Fe O₂ at high temperature,we analyzed various characterizations for comparison,and found that the Cu Fe₂O₄/Cu O nanomaterial catalysts prepared after calcination had reduced catalytic ability,but produced magnetic properties and high stability.Various experimental data show that the use of Cu Fe₂O₄/Cu O to activate PMS can generate SO₄·^-,·OH,¹O₂ to degrade CIP.The degradation efficiency of CIP reached 86.67%for two hours at a p H of 7.3,When the dosage of Cu Fe₂O₄/Cu O is 500 mg·L^-1,the initial concentration of PMS is 300 mg·L^-1.Gaussian software（Gaussian 16W）was used to fit the molecules and theoretically,and calculate the electrostatic potential,Fu Kui index,HOMO and LUMO of the molecules to explore the degradation mechanism of the targeted antibiotic pollutants,and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry（LC-MS）and TEST software（Toxicity Estimation Software Tool）to analyze and evaluate various intermediates and their toxicity,biodegradability,bioaccumulation and other characteristics.In order to explore the performance of nano-catalytic materials in real water bodies,the materials were used in the actual treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater and special wastewater.Three-dimensional fluorescence（3D EEMs）and mineralization efficiency were used to measure the treatment degree of actual wastewater.Experimental data shows that the mineralization efficiency is basically more than 50%,and it is easy to recycle and reuse.Therefore,the preparation of nanomaterials and the research on the degradation mechanism of pollutants in this paper can provide a corresponding theoretical basis for the in-depth study of the degradation of antibiotics in sewage.