| With the extensive application of antibiotics recently,the improper disposal of expired medicine and the restricted removal efficiency in wastewater treatment,rising kinds of antibiotics have been detected in surface water and groundwater.It may has an negative impact on the ecosystem and human health.Hence,it is necessary to find an effective process to degrade the antibiotic.In this study,the removal of two kinds of common antibiotics,amoxicillin and carbamazepine,were performed using ultrasound-enhanced ZVI/persulfate oxidation system.Experiments were carried out to investigate the influence of various operation variables on antibiotics’ removal effect,such as the ultrasound power intensity,the additive component of persulfate and ZVI,reaction temperature,original pH and scavengers.The intermediate products and degradation route of amoxicillin and carbamazepine were speculated using LC-MS analytical method.The results can be concluded that:(1)There is a prominent synergistic effect in the ultrasound-enhanced ZVI/persulfate oxidation system.(2)The import of ultrasound radiation could distinctly enhance the oxidation of amoxicillin and carbamazepine,and the rise of amoxicillin is obviously higher than carbamazepine by the growth of US power.(3)With the temperature rising or the increase of persulfate’s weight ratio,the removal rate of antibiotics enhanced a lot,however,when it came to a threshold,the enhancement would be unconspicuous.(4)The solution pH has different effects on the removal of amoxicillin and carbamazepine,it influences the existent morphology of radicals and contaminants.(5)The reaction order of amoxicillin in this condition is zero-order,and that of carbamazepine is first order reaction.(6)The sulfate radicals are principal oxidants in the removal of amoxicillin,in carbamazepine degradation,the sulfate radicals and the hydroxyl radicals both are principal oxidants.(7)Ten intermediates of amoxicillin and five intermediates of carbamazepine are predicted by using LC-MS. |
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