| The matching status of supply and demand of ecosystem services is of great significance for optimizing regional ecosystem management and improving ecosystem service capabilities.The continued supply of ecosystem services is fundamental to sustainable social and natural development,and human beings consume ecosystem services to meet demand and improve their own well-being.The ecosystem service process is holistic and continuous.It is important to study the supply capacity of ecosystem services and the demand and consumption capacity of human demand for ecosystem services,and analyze the supply and demand characteristics and spatial trade-offs of ecosystem services,which are important for the development of regional green economy.The changes in the supply and demand of ecosystem services reflect the flow of resources in ecological space,that is,in a certain area,and their pattern distribution reveals the changes in ecological carrying capacity and pressure,which is of great significance to support regional economic and social development and ecological environmental protection.The spatial optimization of the supply and demand matching pattern of ecosystem services provides strong theoretical guidance and certain practical value for the optimal management of regional ecosystem services.Taking Dalian Jinpu New Area as the research area,using the In VEST model and Arc GIS Software,the matching between supply and demand of ecosystem services and their change characteristics were studied,and the spatial distribution pattern and change characteristics of carbon sequestration services,soil conservation services,food services and habitat quality services in Jinpu New Area of Dalian in 2020 were quantitatively evaluated,and the spatial statistical analysis method of comprehensive supply-demand ratio index was used to analyze the supply and demand matching of various ecosystem services and comprehensive ecosystem services in Dalian Jinpu New Area.Based on the current situation of supply and demand relationship and the pattern of supply and demand of ecosystem services,the ecological network of Jinpu New Area is constructed and optimized,spatial optimization is carried out,and corresponding suggestions and measures are put forward in the future,which plays an important role in the development of social green economy and ecological civilization construction in Dalian Jinpu New Area,and provides a certain theoretical basis for sustainable development.The results showed that:(1)Supply and demand matching level in Dalian Jinpu New Area in 2020:the total supply of carbon sequestration services reached 1.4×10~5 t;The total demand has a growing trend of 2.5×10~5 t.It is manifested as the transformation phenomenon from low-level demand areas to high-level demand areas.The mismatch between supply and demand for carbon sequestration services is prominent,and the mismatch between supply and demand is prominent,showing that supply exceeds demand overall.The total supply of soil conservation services is 2.85×10~8 t,and the total demand for soil conservation services is2.3×10~6 t,and the total supply is generally greater than the total demand,which could basically meet the demand,but the matching status of supply and demand in different areas of the study area is obviously different.The average level of habitat quality service supply is0.45995,and the average demand level of habitat quality service is 0.067,and the overall supply level of habitat quality service was significantly greater than the demand level,which basically met the needs of human settlement environment and natural environment.The total supply of food services is 4.3×105 t,and the total demand for food services is 2.7×10~5 t,and the total supply of food services is generally greater than the total demand,basically meeting the food needs of residents.Overall,the level of supply of integrated ecosystem services is generally greater than the level of demand.Basically meet the total regional demand.(2)Changes in the type and area of supply and demand deficit of ecosystem services in Jinpu New Area of Dalian in 2020:the gap between the supply and demand deficit of carbon sequestration services widened,the total area of the deficit type was greater than the total area of the surplus type,and the total area of the type of relative balance of supply and demand was reduced,which was manifested by the characteristics of low supply and high demand,and the area of carbon sink area was reduced to only 564km~2.The area of carbon sources increased to 1340km~2;The spatial difference of soil conservation service is large,the overall area of the surplus area of supply and demand is large,the area of the area with relatively balanced supply and demand is reduced,the population of the deficit type area is dense,the greening rate is low,and the soil erosion is serious.The supply-demand ratio of habitat quality services was>0,maintaining the surplus state of supply and demand,and the light surplus area accounted for 74%of the total area of the study area,about 1702km~2,the difference between supply and demand ratio per unit area was small,the population was sparse,the habitat quality was less stressed,and the environmental protection was better.On the average level of food services,the supply is greater than the demand,and the matching status of supply and demand in different regions of the study area is obvious,and the overall area of the supply and demand surplus area is larger than the overall area of the supply and demand deficit area,which is manifested as oversupply as a whole.The proportion of surplus area of food services is significantly greater than the proportion of area of supply and demand deficit.The supply and demand types of comprehensive ecosystem services varied,and the supply and demand types of comprehensive ecosystem services were mainly light surplus types and light deficit types,and the area of light surplus type and light deficit type was the same,basically reaching the state of supply and demand balance.(3)In 2020,the average supply-demand ratio of carbon sequestration services in Dalian Jinpu New Area changed,-0.311 in 2020,the average supply-demand ratio of soil conservation services was 0.0122,the average supply-demand ratio of habitat quality services was 0.1287,and the average supply-demand ratio of food services was 0.0132.(4)In the future,Dalian Jinpu New Area must control the growth of urban carbon demand,increase the area of green space around the city,improve carbon supply capacity,strengthen weather and climate monitoring,control soil erosion,maintain the red line of cultivated land,return farmland to forest and grassland,ensure food security,maintain the level of food supply in surrounding areas,reduce food waste.Adopt ecological restoration measures,reduce the level of demand for various ecosystem services,reduce deficits,maintain supply,and demand capacity,and further establish,divide and manage ecological function zones at different levels of ecosystem services,focusing on the connectivity and integrity of each ecological region. |
