| As a rare food and medicinal mushroom,the cultivation production of Pholiota adiposa is increasing year by year in China,meanwhile,a large amount of waste bran is produced after harvesting,which causes waste of resources and environmental pollution.In this study,we optimized the extraction conditions of Pholiota adiposa residue polysaccharides(PRP),analyzed its structure,examined its’in vitro antioxidant activity,and evaluated its’effects on D-galactose-induced organ repair in aging mice.(1)Optimization of PRP extraction conditions.After PB and response surface tests,the optimal theoretical parameters for PRP extraction were ethanol multiple of 2.70,ethanol concentration of 95.00%,and extraction temperature of 82.71°C,the theoretical yield of PRP was 2.28%.For the convenience of operation,when the conditions were set to ethanol multiple of 2.70,ethanol concentration of 95.00%,and extraction temperature of 83.00°C,the theoretical yield of PRP was 2.29%,and the actual yield was 2.21%±0.04.(2)Structural analysis of PRP.The purified PRP was obtained by deproteinization,depigmentation,dialysis and freeze-drying,etc.The results of FI-TR analysis showed that PRP was a pyranose containingβ-glycosidic bonds.The results of HPLC showed that PRP mainly consisted of nine monosaccharides,namely mannose,ribose,rhamnose,glucuronide,glucose,galactose,xylose,arabinose,and fucose,with mass fractions of 18.24%,1.63%,1.90%,3.79%,33.75%,22.99%,5.72%,10.02%,and 1.61%,respectively.The molar ratio was 11.33:1.01:1.18:2.35:20.96:14.28:3.55:6.22:1.The molecular weight of PRP was 1.72×10~4Da as measured by HPGPC.(3)In vitro antioxidant effects of PRP.When PRP was 1000 mg/L,the reducing power was 0.74,and the scavenging rates of PRP on hydroxyl,superoxide anion and DPPH radicals were 68.21%,82.63%and 81.57%,respectively.The results indicated that PRP had strong in vitro antioxidant activity.(4)Organ protection and anti-aging effects of PRP.(1)It enhanced the activities of glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),catalase(CAT)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)in liver,kidney and brain,and reduced the level of malondialdehyde(MDA).(2)PRP can reduce the serum levels of creatinine(CREA),blood urea nitrogen(BUN)and uric acid(UA).It also conspicuously decreased the activity of alanine aminotransferase(ALT),alkaline phosphatase(ALP)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST).(3)PRP can effectively increase the content of hydroxyproline(HYP)in skin,and also reduce the activity of inflammatory factors such as Tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6)and interferon-γ(IFN-γ)in the serum of aging mice.(4)PRP significantly reduced the abnormal reduction of organ index in aging mice.(5)The histopathological observation of H&E showed that PRP had a repairing effect on aging organs and tissue damage caused by D-galactose.In conclusion,PRP was a pyranose containingβ-glycosidic bond,which had certain antioxidant and anti-aging activities and certain repairing effects on liver,kidney and brain damage induced by D-galactose in aging mice,alleviating aging-induced organ damage and maintaining redox homeostasis in the body.It provided new ideas for further understanding its effects and developing healthy food products with PRP as the main functional component. |
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