| Ecological management zoning is an important basis for implementing differentiated management of environmental space,which is of great significance for maintaining the harmonious development of man-land system and promoting human welfare.Under the influence of high-speed urban socio-economic development,unreasonable human activities and excessive population growth,the sustainable development of regional ecological environment and economy has been seriously threatened.At present,how to carry out zoning management effectively and finely is the research core and hot spot in the field of ecosystem services.Guangdong Hong Kong Macao Bay area is the core development area with the most active economy and the fastest population growth in China.The spatial heterogeneity of the supply-demand relationship of ecosystem services is extremely significant,and the imbalance between supply and demand of various ecosystem services is becoming increasingly prominent.In order to avoid the escalation of the contradiction between supply and demand and turn it to a harmonious relationship,we must strengthen the relevant research on the supply,demand and supply-demand relationship of ecosystem services,and focus on the rational ecological management zoning based on the supply-demand relationship.In this paper,taking Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area as the research area,a trans-regional urban area under rapid urbanization,combined with the data of land use,meteorology,soil,population and various social statistics in 2018,the supply and demand of three ecosystem services,namely,carbon sequestration service,water production service and soil conservation service,were evaluated and analyzed respectively.On the basis of the above,the supply-demand ratio and comprehensive supply-demand ratio equation analysis are introduced to calculate the supply-demand relationship of three ecosystem services and the overall ecosystem services respectively.Then,by combining the comprehensive supply-demand relationship with the analysis results of cold and hot spots based on the supply-demand ratio of individual services,an ecological management zoning system based on the perspective of supply and demand of ecosystem services was constructed,and the supply and demand of ecosystem services were comprehensively evaluated.Finally,four types of ecological management zoning in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area were identified,and some countermeasures and suggestions were put forward to improve the supply and demand level of ecosystem services,coordinate economic development and ecological protection.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)Evaluation of ecosystem service supply.The quantitative evaluation results show that the total supply of carbon sequestration services,water production services and soil conservation services in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area in 2018 is 2.11×10~8 t,791.80×10~8 m~3and 100.10×10~8 t respectively.The results of spatial analysis of supply show that the spatial pattern of carbon sequestration service supply is generally high in the surrounding areas,and the supply from the surrounding areas to the central areas of rivers is decreasing.Water production services show a trend of high supply in the southwest,slightly high supply in the southeast and middle,and low supply in the east and west.The supply of soil conservation services is high in the northeast and southeast where the vegetation coverage is the highest,and the supply is the lowest in the middle of the river.(2)Ecosystem service demand assessment.The results of quantitative demand assessment show that the total demand for carbon sequestration services,water production services and soil conservation services in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area in 2018 is 14.50×10~8 t,2203.78×10~8 m~3and 19.40×10~8 t respectively.The results of spatial demand analysis show that the spatial pattern of carbon sequestration services as a whole shows that"Shenzhen-Guangzhou-Macao"has the highest demand,the demand in the border areas of the three places is higher,and the demand in other regions is lower.The demand for water production services is high in the central and southern parts of Guangzhou-Foshan-Shenzhen,and the demand is constantly decreasing around.The demand for soil conservation services is low in most areas around the week,but the demand in scattered areas is high and the demand in central areas is low.(3)Supply and demand relationship of ecosystem services.In terms of quantity of supply and demand,the average supply-demand ratio indices of carbon sequestration service,water production service and soil conservation service in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area in 2018 were-0.00246,-0.00171 and-0.00028 respectively,and the average comprehensive supply-demand ratio of the three services was-0.00140.The spatial distribution of supply and demand ratio of the three services shows that the demand for carbon sequestration services in 60%regions is slightly larger than the supply,and its spatial pattern shows that most of the central regions are in deficit between supply and demand,and some of the western and eastern regions are in surplus between supply and demand.The demand for water production services exceeds supply in 50%regions,and its spatial pattern shows that the central region is a deficit between supply and demand,and many regions in the west and east are surplus between supply and demand.The demand for soil conservation services is greater than supply in 53%of the regions,and its spatial pattern shows that the central region is a deficit between supply and demand,and the peripheral edges are scattered with surplus between supply and demand.In addition,the spatial pattern of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area’s comprehensive supply-demand ratio is obviously manifested in three regions,namely"east-middle-west"-"supply-demand surplus-deficit-surplus".Among them,more than half of the central and eastern regions belong to deficit areas where demand exceeds supply,so the phenomenon that ecosystem services are in short supply is more prominent.(4)Ecological management zoning based on the supply-demand relationship of ecosystem services.The four types of ecological restoration areas,ecological regulation areas,ecological control areas and ecological conservation areas account for 11.67%,39.33%,7.05%and 41.95%of the total land area of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area respectively.Among them,the ecological restoration areas are mainly concentrated in the economically highly developed areas and high-tech development zones in central and southeast Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.Ecological control areas are mainly distributed near ecological restoration areas with poor supply and demand.Ecological control areas account for the smallest area and are scattered,mainly in the transition zone between ecological control areas and ecological conservation areas.Ecological conservation areas,with the largest area,are mainly distributed in non-urban areas of cities with low development degree around Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.Finally,according to different ecological management zoning,put forward differentiated and refined management countermeasures. |
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