Study On The Removal Of PAEs In Evening Primrose Oil

Phthalate acid esters(PAEs)are one kind of lipophilic environmental hormone substances,which have certain teratogenic and carcinogenic effects on human liver and kidney functions and reproductive system.With the widespread use of products made of plastic,they are mostly present in the environment and food packaging,so PAEs can cause contamination to oily food during the production and processing of fats and oils industry,whether it is raw materials,production,processing process,or subsequent transportation and storage process.In the current study results show that dibutyl phthalate(DBP)and di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate(DEHP)are the two most commonly detected PAEs contaminants in edible fats and oils,and are more difficult to remove in the oil refining process.2019 State Administration of Market Supervision and Administration issued the State Municipal Supervision of Food and Raw [2019] No.214 document clearly states that the enterprise production The maximum residues of DBP and DEHP in the oil and grease foodstuffs operated are 0.30 mg/kg and 1.50mg/kg,respectively.Evening primrose oil is a kind of vegetable oil rich in a variety of healthful unsaturated fatty acids such as high γ-linolenic acid,oleic acid and linoleic acid,etc.Nowadays,it is mostly used as a dietary supplement in public life,and has good inhibitory and preventive effects on atopic dermatitis,rheumatoid arthritis,premenstrual syndrome and menopausal syndrome.The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of UV irradiation treatment,60 Co irradiation treatment and UV and 60 Co treatment on the removal of PAEs from evening primrose oil using two PAEs commonly found in evening primrose oil,DBP and DEHP,as the test materials,and to evaluate the effect of the three The effects of the three methods on the quality effects of evening primrose oil were evaluated;a new attempt was made to remove PAEs from evening primrose oil using UV and 60 Co treatments,and the optimal combination of treatment conditions was selected by a comprehensive evaluation combining the PAEs removal effect,changes in physicochemical indexes and changes in antioxidant capacity.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)Evening primrose oil was irradiated with UV for 30,60,90,120 and 150 min,respectively,and the results showed that the changes of physicochemical indexes were relatively slow within 90 min of irradiation,and the changes of physicochemical indexes in each group were obvious after the irradiation duration exceeded 90 min,and the oxidation degree of evening primrose oil became larger,and the UV irradiation treatment had a certain effect on the removal of PAEs from evening primrose oil.The longer the irradiation time,the higher the removal rate,and the removal rate of DBP and DEHP could reach 53.42% and 33.39% respectively at 150 min,and the overall removal effect of UV on DBP was better than that on DEHP;at the same time,there were significant effects on fatty acid composition,physicochemical index changes and antioxidant capacity(p<0.05),but after 150 However,after 150 min irradiation,the evening primrose oil still met the standards of the factory.(2)Under the 60 Co irradiation treatment,the effect of removing PAEs from evening primrose oil was better than that of UV irradiation treatment.It was found that the removal effect of PAEs increased with the increase of irradiation dose,and the removal rate of DBP and DEHP could reach 67.31% and 71.79% under 20 k Gy irradiation dose;the effect of 60 Co irradiation on the physicochemical indexes such as fatty acid composition,acid value and peroxide value,ABTS,DPPH radical scavenging ability and the removal rate of DEHP could be improved,The effects of 60 Co irradiation treatment on physicochemical indexes such as fatty acid composition,acid value and peroxide value,ABTS,DPPH radical scavenging ability and FRAP reduction ability were small.Within 10 k Gy irradiation dose,there was no significant effect on fatty acid content of evening primrose oil(p>0.05),and the effects on physicochemical indexes and antioxidant ability were negligible.(3)Within 90 min of UV irradiation and within 10 k Gy of 60 Co irradiation dose,the two treatment conditions had less effect on oil quality.Three sets of variables,30,60 and 90 min of UV irradiation duration and 1,5 and 10 k Gy of 60 Co irradiation dose,were selected for combination to further explore the potential of UV and 60 Co treatments on the removal of PAEs from evening primrose oil.From the test results,it was found that UV and 60 Co treatments had significant effects on the removal of PAEs from evening primrose oil,and the removal effect of the combined treatment was more satisfactory than that of the single method treatment,with the lowest removal rate at 30 min of UV irradiation combined with 60 Co irradiation dose of 1 k Gy,79.12% for DBP and 80.04% for DEHP;the removal rates of the six treatment combinations on The removal rate of PAEs could reach 90% with the combination of UV irradiation for 90 min and 60 Co irradiation dose of 10 k Gy,and the removal rate of DBP reached 96.03%and the removal rate of DEHP reached 97.42%.The effect of UV and 60 Co treatments on the physicochemical properties of evening primrose oil was significant(p<0.05),among which UV irradiation for 30 min combined with 60 Co irradiation dose of 1 k Gy and UV irradiation for 30 min combined with 60 Co irradiation dose of 5 k Gy had less effect on the physicochemical properties of evening primrose oil;UV and 60 Co treatments had significant effect on the antioxidant capacity of evening primrose oil(p<0.05).The changes in antioxidant capacity of evening primrose oil were less affected by the two treatment conditions of UV irradiation for 30 min combined with60 Co irradiation dose of 1 k Gy and UV irradiation for 30 min combined with 60 Co irradiation dose of 5 k Gy.Therefore,among the nine groups of treatment conditions,UV irradiation for 30 min combined with 60 Co irradiation dose of 5 k Gy had the highest overall evaluation,and the removal rates of DBP and DEHP reached 90.89% and91.25%,respectively,while the effects on physicochemical indexes and antioxidant properties were not significant.When the initial concentration of PAEs in evening primrose oil was below 2 mg/kg,the UV irradiation for 30 min at 60 Co irradiation dose of 5 k Gy could maintain the ideal removal effect,and the residues of DBP and DEHP were in accordance with the maximum residue limits(DBP<0.3 mg/kg,DEHP<1.5mg/kg)required by the national standards;when the initial concentration increased to above 5 mg/kg,the residues of PAEs and DEHP were not significantly affected.When the initial concentration increased to 5 mg/kg or more,the removal rate of PAEs showed a significant decreasing trend.The three methods of UV irradiation,60 Co irradiation,UV and 60 Co treatment were all effective in the removal of PAEs from evening primrose oil,which provided new research directions and data support for the removal of PAEs in edible oil and fat industry.