| As the main source of urban pollution,industrial wastewater and waste gas from polluting enterprises bring about serious environmental problems.At the same time,the rapid advancement of domestic industrialization and urbanization has driven the migration of polluting enterprises,and the unreasonable spatial pattern of enterprises has triggered the diffusion of pollutants,reshaping the pattern of polluting enterprises in the transferred areas,especially in less developed areas,bringing huge resource and environmental pressure and socio-economic costs,and enhancing the difficulty of pollution management,which has a negative impact on the sustainable development of the region and the construction of a highquality development pattern.This paper scientifically analyzes the characteristics and laws of spatial migration of polluting enterprises and explores the driving mechanism of spatial migration,which is important for rational optimization of regional layout of polluting enterprises,better promotion of regional coordinated development strategy and construction of beautiful China.In this paper,the spatial analysis methods such as kernel density estimation and spatial autocorrelation analysis are used to explore the characteristics of spatial and temporal pattern evolution of polluting enterprises at multiple scales(national,regional,provincial and municipal levels)and to explore the inner rules of spatial distribution of polluting enterprises from 2009 to 2017.On this basis,a spatial econometric model with factor endowment,agglomeration economy and environmental regulation as key parameters is constructed to investigate the influence mechanisms and spatial effects of multidimensional factors on the evolution of spatial and temporal patterns of polluting enterprises,and further analyze enterprise heterogeneity and regional heterogeneity.The main findings are as follows:(1)China’s polluting enterprises show the trend of increasing first and then decreasing,and the number of different types of polluting enterprises varies greatly,and the clustering characteristics of wastewater polluting enterprises are obvious.Polluting enterprises are mainly distributed in economically developed regions and resource-rich regions,showing the distribution characteristics of eastern region > western region > central region >northeastern region.(2)The spatial concentration of polluting enterprises has slightly contracted over time,and the spatial layout has evolved from a double-core type to a "1+3" multi-core type of concentration,and the trend of expansion from the Yangtze River Delta city cluster to the Pearl River Delta city cluster,the Central Plains city cluster and the Sichuan-Chongqing city cluster is obvious,and the city cluster has become the main bearing area of polluting enterprises.At the same time,the spatial association of polluting enterprises is significant,and the spatially significant association type of the municipal unit of polluting enterprises is mainly high-high type,but with decreasing trend,among which the high-high agglomeration in Yangtze River Delta has strong stability.(3)The inclusion of the spatial weight matrix fully takes into account the spatial interactions between cities and effectively restores the real mechanism of action of each factor under the influence of spatial factors.Industrial scale and informal environmental regulations are important driving factors to promote the evolution of spatial and temporal patterns of polluting enterprises.The indirect effect of industrial scale expansion on the spatial agglomeration of polluting enterprises is much larger than the direct effect,while the informal environmental regulation only shows a negative spatial spillover effect,and the effects of other factors are not significant,while the effects of factor endowment and environmental regulation are significantly overestimated in the benchmark regression.(4)Factor endowments,agglomeration economies and environmental regulations are important drivers of the spatio-temporal pattern evolution of polluting enterprises.The study confirms the strong explanatory power of a multidimensional analysis of the spatio-temporal pattern driving mechanisms of polluting enterprises in China at the social,economic and institutional levels.The spatio-temporal pattern of polluting enterprises evolves as a result of the combination of factor endowment,agglomeration economy and environmental regulation,and inter-city spatial factors play a key role.The spatial spatial spatial pattern of polluting enterprises is mainly reflected in the spatial spillover effects of natural resource endowment,industrial scale,urbanization rate,labor endowment and formal environmental regulation on the spatial and temporal pattern of polluting enterprises,and the indirect effects are significantly higher than the direct effects,and the formal environmental regulation and the spatial and temporal pattern of polluting enterprises show an obvious inverted "U" curve relationship.The spatial and temporal patterns of formal environmental regulations and polluting firms show a significant inverted "U" curve.(5)There is significant enterprise heterogeneity and regional heterogeneity in the paths of factor endowments,agglomeration economies and environmental regulations on the spatio-temporal patterns of polluting enterprises.At the enterprise level,the spatial and temporal patterns of wastewater,waste gas and heavy metal enterprises evolve as a result of the combined effect of factor endowment,agglomeration economy and environmental regulation,and informal environmental regulation is the core factor influencing the spatial and temporal patterns of waste gas and heavy metal enterprises,highlighting the important role of public awareness of environmental protection on the spatial patterns of polluting enterprises and providing new ideas for the optimization of future patterns of polluting enterprises.At the regional level,the agglomeration economy is a key driver of the spatial and temporal pattern of polluting enterprises in the eastern region,and the rapid economic development has become an important force for the agglomeration of polluting enterprises in the developed eastern region,so that the economic factors in the eastern region should be fully considered to achieve a rational layout of polluting enterprises as a whole.The spatiotemporal pattern of polluting enterprises in the central region is driven by both agglomeration economy and environmental regulation.Factor endowment,agglomeration economy and environmental regulation are important factors affecting the spatio-temporal pattern of polluting enterprises in the western region,and factor endowment and environmental regulation are core factors affecting the spatio-temporal pattern of polluting enterprises in the northeast region,and the spatial spillover effect of environmental regulation is significant.The spatial and temporal patterns of polluting enterprises in the less developed western region are the most complex drivers of the spatial and temporal patterns of polluting enterprises,which pose many challenges to the optimization of the patterns of polluting enterprises,but at the same time,they also provide more new ideas for the optimization of the patterns. |
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