Research On Delivery Service Decisions Of Online Retailer Based On Carbon Tax Policy

In recent years,the rapid growth of energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions has brought great challenges to environmental problems of China.As one of the major carbon emitters in the world,our pressure of emission reduction comes not only from the international community,but also from the restriction of domestic environment and resources on economic development.Carbon tax policy is a mandatory measure taken by governments to control carbon emissions.As an effective tool of low-carbon policy,it plays an important role in alleviating environmental pollution and climate deterioration caused by carbon emissions.Under the requirements of low-carbon policy,enterprises in different industries will have different emphases when making emission reduction decisions in the face of carbon tax policy formulated by the government.As an important link in enterprise production and business activities,logistics is one of the main sources of carbon emission.Therefore,enterprises formulate reasonable carbon emission strategies according to their own business conditions,so as to reduce carbon tax cost and carbon emissions,It is one of the hot research issues in the field of low-carbon economy.Based on the link of enterprise logistics distribution,taking online retailer and carbon emission regulator as the research object,this paper proposes a "low-carbon distribution model" for online retailer based on the difference of delivery time.Under the Stackelberg game,the regulator is the leader and the retailer is the follower,this paper discusses the distribution service decision of retailer under the carbon tax policy,and studies the impact of the optimization of tax strategy of regulator on the emission reduction of retailer.Specifically,from the perspective of retailer,taking the enterprise distribution decision without carbon tax constraint as the research benchmark,this paper discusses the distribution service mode decision of online retailer under single carbon tax policy and the strategies of carbon-tax-consumers’ rebate respectively.Secondly,from the perspective of regulator,taking the maximization of social welfare as the goal and centralized decision-making as the benchmark,this paper discusses the optimal carbon tax strategy of regulator under the single carbon tax policy and strategies of carbon-tax-consumers’ rebate,analyzes the effect of optimal carbon tax on guiding retailer to reduce emissions,and discusses the impact of environmental concern on regulator’s decisionmaking.The following observations can be made from this study:Through the research on the distribution service decision of online retailer,it is found that the benchmark model(without carbon tax constraint)shows that when the difference of delivery cost under different distribution modes is small,the retailer usually do not choose low-carbon distribution mode without the incentive and constraint of external factors;Under the single carbon tax policy,the appropriate tax level can effectively guide retailer to choose low-carbon distribution mode,so as to achieve carbon emission reduction.However,too high or too low carbon tax level will lead to policy failure,and the implementation of carbon tax policy will have a negative impact on retailer’s profits to a certain extent;Under strategies of carbon-taxconsumers’ rebate,retailer can reduce the negative impact of carbon tax on retailer by stimulating consumer demand and improving enterprise profit while realizing carbon emission reduction by formulating appropriate rebate strategies.However,from the perspective of environmental benefits,the emission reduction effect of single carbon tax policy is better than that of strategies of carbon-tax-consumers’ rebate.By analyzing the impact of carbon tax strategy optimization on retailer’s emission reduction decision-making,it is found that for centralized decision-making,the retailer can realize low-carbon distribution mode only when the environmental concern reaches a certain threshold,so as to realize carbon emission reduction.When the social and regulator pay too much or too little attention to the environment,they can not achieve the purpose of emission reduction;For the single carbon tax policy and strategies of carbon-tax-consumers’ rebate,when the environmental concern is too low,the regulator usually does not start the tax mechanism,so the retailer usually does not choose the low-carbon distribution mode.With the gradual increase of social and regulator’s attention to the environment and the optimal carbon tax of the regulator is a specific value,retailer can be guided to choose the low-carbon distribution mode to achieve carbon emission reduction.Otherwise,the tax policy may be ineffective.In addition,in terms of social welfare,under the single carbon tax policy,when the environmental concern is within a specific threshold range,regulator can adjust the tax strategy to make the social welfare level and carbon emission reduction effect the same as that in the case of centralized decision-making.Under the carbon tax-consumer rebate strategy,compared with the single carbon tax policy,with the change of environmental concern,regulator can effectively improve the level of social welfare by adjusting taxes.