Preparation,Structure Identification And Anti-Tumor Activity Of Panax Ginseng

Panax ginseng is a valuable medicinal and food plant in China.Panax ginseng pectin,a special active ingredient in Panax ginseng,has attracted extensive attention because of its good biological activity.Nowadays,the main extraction method of Panax ginseng pectin is boiling water extraction or ethanol extraction,and the Panax ginseng residues after extraction is discarded,resulting in a certain amount of waste.Therefore,in this study,Panax ginseng residues after boiling water extraction was used as raw material and weak alkali liquor was used as solvent to extract,separate and purify a kind of acidic heteropolyaccharide PGP-1,and its structure was identified and anti-tumor activity was studied in vitro,and the mechanism of PGP-1 inducing tumor cell apoptosis was analyzed.In this paper,the Panax ginseng residue after 2 h of boiling water extraction was used as raw material,0.01% Na OH solution was used as solvent,and the obtained solvent was frozen and thawed concentration,ethanol precipitation and dialysis bag(300 kDa)to obtain a kind of Panax ginseng PGP-1.The results of chemical composition,high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC),fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),gas chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)showed that PGP-1 was a large acidic polysaccharide with the sugar content of 89.55±0.30%,uronic acid content of63.47±0.05%,protein content of 6.84±0.07% and molecular weight of 605 kDa.The glycosidic bond is composed by(1→4)-α-D-Glcp(31.3%),(1→3)-α-D-Galp(9.2%),(1→4)-α-D-Glcp A(14.1%),(1→3)-α-D-Galp A(35.8%),1→α-D-Glcp A(5.8%),(1→3,6)-α-DGalp A(1.8%)and 1→α-D-Galp(2.1%).In addition,MTT assay showed that PGP-1 could inhibit Hep G2 and MGC803 tumor cells to 142.59 μg/mL and 226.67 μg/mL,but had no obvious toxicity to normal cells.Morphological photographs,Hoechst 33258 staining,Annexin V-FITC/PI staining and cell cycle showed that MGC803 cells showed typical apoptotic characteristics 24 h after PGP-1and MGC803 cells were co-cultured,and the apoptotic rate reached to 60.03%.The results of reactive oxygen species experiments showed that PGP-1 could increase the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species and promote the release of cytochrome C in vivo.Meanwhile,mitochondria-related Bcl-2 and Bax protein families could also regulate the release of cytochrome C.Cytochrome C and caspase-9 precursors could activate the Caspase cascade reaction after activation,resulting in cell damage inducing cell apoptosis through mitochondrial pathway.This article through to the boiling water extraction of Panax ginseng to quadratic residue after use,and then to the extraction of the structure identification of Panax ginseng pectin PGP-1 and antitumor activity in vitro studies,the results show that PGP-1 is through the mitochondrial pathway inducing tumor cell apoptosis,these data can be for the application of ginseng pectin in the food industry and pharmaceutical industry to provide theoretical basis.