Study On The Effect Of Toothpaste And Surfactants In Toothpaste On Oral Microecology

Oral microecology is one of the important components of human microecology,and a variety of oral microorganisms work together to maintain oral and human health.The imbalance of oral microecology can lead to various oral diseases,including dental caries,periodontitis,oral mucosal diseases,etc.,and even systemic diseases.Most of the microorganisms living in the oral cavity exist in the form of biofilms,so the research on oral microecology often takes biofilms as the research object.Biofilms include bacteria and an extracellular polymer matrix(Exopoly Saccharide)wrapped on the surface of bacteria,so biofilms are much more resistant to antimicrobial agents than planktonic bacteria.Toothpaste is the most commonly used oral care product.There are various chemical substances such as surfactants,preservatives,friction agents,and flavors in toothpaste.These substances will change the oral environment,affect the composition and colonization of microorganisms,and cause the imbalance of oral microecology.In this study,the AAA(Active Attachment Model)model was used as the device,the natural saliva was used as the inoculum,the glass coverslip was used as the matrix,and the SHI medium was used as the culture medium to establish an oral biofilm model in vitro.On this basis,the effect of surface actives(sodium lauryl sulfate and cocamidopropyl betaine)in toothpaste and toothpaste on preformed biofilms and biofilm development was investigated.The results show that:(1)anaerobic conditions can cultivate the oral biofilm with the largest number of OTUs in vitro;(2)the preformed biofilms were treated and found that the two NIIM toothpastes had no effect on the biomass,and both could increase the biofilm formation.Bacterial activity and compactness,while both surfactants can significantly reduce the biomass,lactic acid metabolism and bacterial activity of the biofilm,significantly affect the morphology and structure of the biofilm,and make the biofilm sparse and loose;the NIIM toothpaste group’s the community structure was highly similar to the water treatment group,its resident bacteria Prevotella increased,OTU index and Shannon diversity were the highest among all treatment groups,which could effectively maintain the oral microecological balance,while after treatment with a commercial toothpaste and surfactants,the pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus in the biofilm increased,and the resident bacteria Veillonella decreased;(3)Both surfactant-containing toothpastes and surfactants can significantly reduce the biomass and lactic acid metabolism of biofilms during development,and YN and SLS can significantly reduce the density and exopolysaccharides of biofilms.After surfactant treatment,the abundance of pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus,Aggregatibacter,Bacillus and Thermus in the biofilm increased significantly,and the number of OTUs increased significantly.After treatment with two kinds of toothpastes containing surfactant and surfactants,the community structure of biofilm became similar,with obvious difference with water and ecotype NIIM toothpaste group;(4)After exposure to high-concentration sucrose solution,the biomass of biofilms in all groups increased significantly,the density,extracellular matrix and thickness of biofilms increased significantly,the microbial community composition of each treatment group became similar,and the resident bacteria Veillonella and Neisseria decreased,the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas increased,while OTU number and Shannon diversity did not change significantly,and lactic acid concentrations in all treatment groups except ecotype NIIM toothpaste and water treatment groups were significantly increased.This study expounded the mechanism of the effect of toothpaste and surfactants in toothpaste on the oral microecology from multiple perspectives,laying a foundation for further research on the effect of oral microecology on the human body.