The Relationship Between Ecosystem Services And Residents’ Well-being In Mining Area Of Western Shanxi Loess Plateau

At present,China’s economic development has shifted from high-speed growth to high-quality development.High-quality development is reflected in the improvement of living environment and the improvement of residents’ expectations for a better life,that is,the improvement of residents’ well-being.The twenty major reports also clearly put forward the development main line of "promoting green development and promoting harmonious coexistence between man and nature".Ecosystem services are the natural environmental conditions and effects that are formed and maintained by ecosystems and ecological processes and play a key role in improving residents’ well-being.The Sanchuan River Basin is rich in mineral resources,and the mining area ecosystem provides necessary material development resources for local residents.The valley area forms the local political and economic center,and promoting the coordinated improvement of ecosystem services and residents’ well-being is an inevitable requirement for sustainable development.Therefore,it is necessary to systematically study the relationship between ecosystem services and human welfare in this region,so as to provide theoretical reference for ecological protection and high-quality development in this region.The specific research contents of this paper are as follows: Firstly,the questionnaire survey was used to analyze the change trend of residents’ perception of ecosystem services in the past ten years,and various mathematical statistical methods were used to identify the differences in the cognition of respondents with different socio-economic characteristics on the well-being effect of ecosystem services,and reveal the key factors affecting residents’ well-being.Secondly,taking the streets and towns in the Sanchuan River Basin as the research unit,applied the equivalent factor method,coupled coordination degree and geographic detector model to describe the spatial characteristics of the coupling degree and coupling coordination degree of ecosystem services and residents’ well-being in 2020,and analyzed the driving factors.Finally,the Sanchuan River basin is divided into several small basins.Spatial analysis tools such as In VEST model and Arc GIS were used to calculate the supply and demand of water production,carbon sequestration and soil conservation services in the study area,analyzing the supply-demand matching characteristics of ecosystem services,Geo Da software was used to reveal the spatial correlation between ecosystem services and residents’ well-being.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)Residents perceive that the decline types in overall ecosystem services were wood supply,air purification,water supply and food supply,and the increase types were water conservation,aesthetic landscape,leisure and entertainment,disaster regulation and water and soil conservation.The well-being effect of ecosystem services is closely related to the socioeconomic characteristics of the interviewed residents.The well-being levels of respondents with different socioeconomic characteristics were significantly different,residents′ gender,age,income source and education level were significantly related to the well-being effect of ecosystem services(p<0.05),and there were significant differences among groups.Redundancy analysis shows that supply services and income are the main types of ecosystem services and key factors that affect residents′ well-being.(2)The spatial pattern of ecosystem services value showed high in the east and low in the west.The spatial pattern of residents’ well-being showed low in the middle and high in the east and west with obvious difference between the east and the west..The spatial distribution of coupling coordination degree showed a feature of high in the east and low in the west with coordination state being the main factor,good coordination accounted for 58.9%.The spatial difference of coupling coordination degree was affected by many factors,among which land use degree,vegetation cover degree and average annual precipitation are the main influencing factors,and the interaction between vegetation cover degree,land use degree and other factors had a greater impact on the coupling coordination degree.(3)The spatial heterogeneity of the supply and demand of various ecosystem services was relatively significant.The total supply was greater than the total demand.The supply per unit area of the three ecosystem services in the mining area was lower than that in the non-mining area,while the demand was the opposite.There were obvious differences in the supply-demand ratio between different small watersheds.Except for water production services,the supply-demand ratio of the other two ecosystem services was positive;The well-being of residents was mainly at the medium level,and the number of small watersheds with low and high well-being was not significantly different;The types of spatial agglomeration included five modes:high-high agglomeration,low-low agglomeration,low-high agglomeration,high-low agglomeration and non-significant agglomeration effect.The dominant spatial agglomeration types of various services were different.Water production services and residents’ welfare were mainly concentrated at high and low levels,while carbon fixation services and soil conservation services and residents’ welfare were mainly concentrated at high and low levels.Based on the above research results,this paper puts forward suggestions from four aspects: coordinating multiple ecosystem services,promoting industrial upgrading,improving residents’ income through multiple channels,and implementing ecological and social management zoning,with a view to providing beneficial reference for the coordinated development of ecosystem services and residents’ welfare in the basin.