| Driven by the national strategic goal of "peak carbon and carbon neutral",the energy industry has actively responded to the energy transformation policy,reduced the use of fossil energy and increased the development and utilization of hydrogen energy in China.However,at present,the hydrogen production industry in China is still at the primary stage of development,and there are still many shortcomings in terms of production cost,funds,policy support and other aspects.Therefore,this article evaluates the comprehensive benefits of different hydrogen production technologies,which will help the green transformation and high-quality development of hydrogen production industry.Firstly,this paper clarifies the theory of sustainable development and techno-economic analysis,introduces the classification of hydrogen production technologies,summarizes the technical characteristics of different technologies,and elaborates the development status of hydrogen industry from the aspects of hydrogen energy production,current status of technology development and application fields.Secondly,this article constructs a multi-factor levelized cost of hydrogen(LCOH)model by considering investment cost,operation and maintenance cost,financial cost,replacement cost,tax cost and the production of hydrogen,and conducts a comprehensive economic evaluation and cost composition analysis of different hydrogen production technologies.The results show that:(1)The technology of hydrogen production from fossil energy has absolute advantages in economy.Among them,due to energy situation of "rich coal and less gas" in China,the technology of coal to hydrogen is more competitive.Blue hydrogen is at a medium level.Due to different power sources and different types of electrolytic cells,the economy of hydrogen production technology from electrolytic water is significantly different.Among them,due to the difference of electricity price and utilization hours,the LCOH of electrolytic water hydrogen production using nuclear power is the smallest,and the LCOH of electrolytic water hydrogen production using photovoltaic power is the largest.(2)Among the cost components of various hydrogen production technologies,the raw material cost accounts for the largest proportion in the initial investment cost and operating cost.Thirdly,this article builds a total energy consumption model and a carbon emission model to evaluate the energy and environmental benefits of hydrogen production technologies.The results show that:(1)Among the types of gray hydrogen technology,coal hydrogen technology has the highest energy consumption.Among the types of green hydrogen technology,the energy consumption of electrolytic water hydrogen production technology varies with the type of electrolytic cell.(2)When the power source is grid power,the total carbon emission of hydrogen production from electrolytic water is the largest.Hydrogen production from coal and natural gas takes the second place.The carbon emissions of new hydrogen production technologies are generally low.The hydrogen production efficiency of PEM electrolytic cell is slightly lower than that of ALK,so when the power source is the same,the total carbon emission of PEM electrolytic water hydrogen production technology with green power as the source is greater than that of ALK.The total carbon emissions of blue hydrogen will be substantially reduced to close to that of green hydrogen.Finally,Based on the theory of sustainable development,this paper introduces social benefit indicators and constructs a comprehensive benefit evaluation index system for hydrogen production technology from four dimensions:economic-energy-environmental-social,uses CRITIC method to determine the index weight,and uses TOPSIS to comprehensively evaluate 14 different hydrogen production technologies,nuclear power with ALK is ranked the most forward,and fossil energy hydrogen production is ranked the most backward.The comprehensive benefit evaluation provides quantitative reference for investors to choose the appropriate hydrogen production technology and promotes the green and high-speed development of the hydrogen production industry. |
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