| As a grain production base and ecological barrier in China,the Yellow River basin plays an important role in the top-level design of social economy and ecological civilization.However,the use of cultivated land in the Yellow River basin is under the dual pressure of resource constraints and environmental constraints.Specifically,with the rapid progress of urbanization and industrialization,most high-quality cultivated land is occupied by construction land,and the contradiction between industrialization,urbanization and agricultural production land intensifies;The development of urbanization and industrialization has transferred rural labor and other factors to cities and towns,triggered changes in the input-output structure of farming,and gradually formed an agricultural production model dominated by petroleum agriculture.At the same time,the rigid increase of the total demand for food requires more agricultural products to be produced under the limited cultivated land resources,which has led to the development and utilization of cultivated land in the state of "high input-high emissions-high pollution",restricting the sustainable development of the cultivated land utilization ecosystem.Compared with other regions in the Yellow River basin,the main grain producing regions in the Yellow River basin have the advantages of fertile soil,advanced agricultural production technology,etc.,but there are also more serious problems than other regions in terms of resource and environmental constraints on the use of cultivated land.Therefore,the temporal and spatial evolution of the ecological efficiency of the use of cultivated land in the main grain producing regions in the Yellow River basin and the characteristics of influencing factors are identified,It is of great significance to the cooperation and linkage development between the main grain producing areas in the Yellow River basin,as well as to the guarantee of food security and the construction of ecological civilization.(1)From the perspective of carbon sink,the carbon sink level of cultivated land in the main grain producing areas of the Yellow River basin in the study period showed a fluctuating upward trend in time,with Henan Province being the highest,Shandong Province and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region decreasing in turn.From the perspective of carbon emission,the carbon emission level of cultivated land in the main grain producing areas of the Yellow River Basin showed an upward trend over time,with Shandong Province being the highest,Henan Province and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region decreasing in turn.(2)From the perspective of efficiency level,the average annual average ecological efficiency of cultivated land use in the main grain producing areas of the Yellow River basin in the study period was 0.9,showing a small upward trend in the past 20 years,from0.903 in 2000 to 0.912 in 2020.The average ecological efficiency of cultivated land use in each province is Inner Mongolia(1.051),Henan(0.935)and Shandong(0.804)in turn.From the perspective of input-output redundancy rate,the input of pesticides,agricultural film and agricultural labor had the largest negative impact on the efficiency level of the main grain producing areas in the Yellow River basin,among which the input of chemical fertilizers,pesticides,agricultural film and labor had the largest negative impact on Shandong and Henan;Agricultural film,irrigation and land input had the largest negative impact on Inner Mongolia.(3)From the time series evolution characteristics,the nuclear density curve of the main grain production areas in the Yellow River basin moved to the right as a whole,showing a significant "double peak" trend,with the main peak showing a "falling-rising" trend,and the width showed a "narrow-wide-narrow" trend.From the perspective of spatial pattern characteristics,Moran’s I of the ecological efficiency showed a fluctuating downward trend as a whole.The spatial correlation of the ecological efficiency of cultivated land use in the study period was not stable,and the correlation between regions was not strong.From the perspective of the sources of regional differences,the overall Gini coefficient fluctuated and decreased,and the regional differences were narrowing,and the Regional differences were the main reason for regional differences in the ecological efficiency of cultivated land use.(4)From the perspective of influencing factors,multiple cropping index,per capita sown area and environmental regulation index had always positively affected the ecological efficiency of cultivated land use,agricultural mechanization level had always negatively affected the ecological efficiency of cultivated land use,irrigation index and per capita disposable income of farmers had changed from positive to negative on the ecological efficiency of cultivated land use,and per capita GDP and financial support level have changed from negative to positive on the ecological efficiency of cultivated land use.From the perspective of prefecture level cities,each influencing factor had different spatial heterogeneity on the ecological efficiency of cultivated land use.(5)Based on the above results,this paper combines the actual situation of the main grain producing areas in the Yellow River basin,and proposed that: under the background of high-quality development,the main grain producing areas in the Yellow River basin should Establish the awareness of low-carbon agriculture and reasonably determine the level of cultivated land input;established a coordinated development mechanism for major grain producing areas to form a resultant force for regional development;Adopt differentiated control strategies,adjust measures to local conditions,and implement policies according to the city. |
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