| Aging is an inevitable stage in the body’s metabolic process.It is mainly manifested as the weakening of the body’s ability to adapt to environmental stimuli,resulting in loss of the function of various organs and tissues and affecting health.It has been reported that flaxseed oil is rich in unsaturated fatty acids such as alpha-linolenic acid and linoleic acid,which have various beneficial health effects,including lowering blood lipids,anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,increasing Memory,anti-atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.However,its anti-aging effect and mechanism have not yet been conclusive,and it has not been studied at the molecular level from the perspective of the gut.In this experiment,the effect of flaxseed oil on alleviating aging was explored through two model animals,nematodes and rats.First,the effects of flaxseed oil on lifespan and related physiological indicators of C.elegans were observed,and the anti-aging ability of flaxseed oil was preliminarily discussed.D-galactose injection was used to establish an aging rat model,the morphological changes of the rat liver tissue were observed,and the activity of antioxidant enzymes in vivo was evaluated.Analysis of flaxseed oil to alleviate the changes of intestinal flora in rats after aging,to find key bacteria that may affect the progress of aging;RNA-seq technology was used to analyze the changes of gene expression in rat colon epithelial tissue,and analyzing the possible mechanism of flaxseed oil to alleviate aging from the molecular level.The results of the study are as follows:1.Observation of anti-aging activity of flaxseed oil using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism.The results show that flaxseed oil can prolong the lifespan of nematodes(the average lifespan of nematodes in the 1% FO group and 5% FO group was significantly longer than that in the Control group by 12.12% and 7.74%),enhance the nematodes’ antioxidant capacity and anti-heat stress capacity(compared with the Control group,the survival rate of nematodes in the 1% FO group,5% FO group and 10% FO group increased by 31.6%,37.1%and 39.3%),and reduce the lipofuscin content that increases due to aging.2.Different concentrations of flaxseed oil significantly increased the antioxidant levels in serum and liver of aging rats(The serum GSH-Px in the FOL group increased from 18003.7 U to20619.3 U,and the liver CAT increased from 2947 U/mgprot to 3498.3 U/mgprot.).In addition,liver pathological sections showed improved liver pathology and reduced inflammatory cell infiltration in aging rats.These results all indicate that D-galactose can alter oxidative stress in vivo and cause inflammation,and the intervention of flaxseed oil can alleviate this change to a certain extent.3.Different concentrations of flaxseed oil remodeled the gut microbiota in rats but differed from each other.Flaxseed oil intervention altered the structure of the gut microbiota in aging rats,and a total of 26 genera were significantly altered in each group.s＿uncultured＿bacterium＿g＿Prevotella＿9,f＿Leuconostocaceae,s＿uncultured＿bacterium＿g＿Leuconostoc,g＿Leuconostoc,g＿Prevotella＿9,and f＿Prevotellaceae were specific in the Model group,so changes in these bacteria may be related to the progression of aging.In addition,the relative abundances of uncultured＿bacterium＿f＿Lachnospiraceae,Ruminococcaceae＿UCG-005 and uncultured＿bacterium＿f＿Ruminococcaceae in the Model group were decreased,while the relative abundances of uncultured＿bacterium＿f＿Desulfovibrionaceae,Akkermansia,Romboutsia and Prevotella＿9 were increased compared with the Control group.All these changes are reversed by flaxseed oil.Therefore,it is speculated that these seven bacteria may be the key bacteria related to anti-aging.4.Changes in gene expression in colonic epithelial tissue of aging rats treated with flaxseed oil.FOL group down-regulated the expression of upstream genes Ptprc,Lck,Zap70,Lat,Lcp2,Nfatc2 and Il10 in the T cell receptor signaling pathway.Therefore,flaxseed oil may alleviate aging damage by regulating T cell receptor signaling pathway.In conclusion,flaxseed oil increased antioxidant levels in C.elegans and rats,and delayed aging.The serum and visceral antioxidant indexes showed that the antioxidant capacity of the FO group was up-regulated,and the liver histological analysis showed that the liver inflammation was reduced.Flaxseed oil intervention altered the structure of gut microbiota in aging rats,which may alter the expression levels of colonic epithelial genes,thereby reducing the expression of some proteins in the T cell receptor signaling pathway in the colonic epithelial tissue of aging rats and inhibiting the occurrence of intestinal inflammation.Therefore,it is concluded that flaxseed oil improves the body’s antioxidant capacity and alleviates gut microbial disturbances caused by aging damage,indicating that dietary flaxseed oil has the potential to fight aging damage.This study provides a more comprehensive insight into dietary interventions to improve aging. |
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