Study On The Application Of Biomass Fermentation In Solar Greenhouse In Cold Region

In this study,agricultural waste was used as fermentation raw materials in order to supplement the demand of environmental temperature and CO₂ gas in solar greenhouse,aiming at the problems of large output of agricultural waste,low efficiency of comprehensive utilization of biomass energy,low temperature and low CO₂ concentration in solar greenhouse in winter in high latitude and cold region.Three pilot tests and two large-scale field tests were conducted.Three pilot experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of biomass fermentation on heat and gas production,physical and chemical properties of biomass,and to screen out the optimal fermentation parameters based on the initial C/N ratio,water content and the proportion of easily degradable organic matter.According to the results of the predecessors’experience in fermentation and pilot test design integration in sunlight greenhouse biomass fermentation device,respectively,in 2020,and 2021 winter field application test for a second time,analyzes the device produces thermal properties,material physical and chemical properties as well as on the thermal environment,the sunlight greenhouse gas environment,the influence of tomato fruit quality and economic benefit.The main conclusions are as follows:（1）The experimental results of different C/N ratios（50,30,10）showed that when the C/N ratio was 30,the fermentation heat was the best,the cumulative heat yield was 1174.95k J,and the cumulative CO₂ gas yield was the highest,which was 51.64 g/kg;Material fermentation degree is the best,the highest degree of maturity.The results of fermentation test with different moisture content showed that the cumulative heat yield of each treatment with75%,60%and 45%moisture content was 1015.9 k J,894.39 k J and 530.28 k J,respectively.The accumulative CO₂ yields were 278.17 g/kg,183.51 g/kg and 130.21 g/kg,respectively.In the fermentation experiments with different proportions of easily degradable organic matter,when the proportion of easily degradable organic matter was 45%,the cumulative heat production of the reactor was more than 800 k J and the cumulative gas production of CO₂ was the highest,which was 94.73 g/kg when the reactor was kept above 50℃for 8 days.（2）Performance characteristics of biomass fermentation plant in winter of 2020（2020W）.The experimental results showed that the reactor maintained above 50℃for 44 days,the cumulative heat production was 953003.44 k J,the cumulative accumulated temperature was58185.14℃·h,the seed germination index was 63%at the end of fermentation,and the materials were basically in the state of maturity.In winter of 2021（2021W）,the pilot test parameter verification test results showed that the heat and gas production performance of biomass aerobic fermentation device was significantly improved,the time of the reactor temperature above 50℃was extended to more than 65 days,and the cumulative heat production increased to 9977581 k J,increasing by 4.5%.The cumulative CO₂ emission was up to 2031766.30 mg·m^-3.The optimized device also accelerated the fermentation process,improved the material maturity,and improved the seed germination index to 77%.In 2020W and 2021W greenhouses,the experimental greenhouse is 0.9～4.8℃and 1.3～5.4℃higher than the control greenhouse,respectively.;Compared with the control greenhouse,the average concentration of CO₂ in 2021W experimental greenhouse was increased by 41%.After changing the temperature and gas environment in solar greenhouse,soluble solids,organic acids,soluble protein,vitamin C and lycopene contents in tomato fruit in experimental greenhouse were significantly increased compared with the control greenhouse,while the yield of tomato was increased by 17.73%.Realized the promotion of economic value.In general,the application of biomass fermentation device has a significant effect on increasing temperature and supplementing air supply,and the application is feasible.It can effectively make up for the shortage of CO₂ in solar greenhouse in winter,and has a significant effect on improving the yield and quality of tomato fruit.