| As the largest city in Northeast country,Shenyang has become increasingly serious with the development of the city,such as traffic jams,environmental damage,and housing pressure.The opening and operation of rail transit can effectively alleviate these problems.Urban rail transit refers to the urban public passenger transportation system that uses dedicated rail-oriented operation.The subway is the most common public rail transit.The first subway line of Shenyang Metro opened for trial operation on September 27,2010.It is the seventh city in the country to have a subway.As of April 2020,Shenyang Metro has 4 operating lines and a total of 92 stations.Due to the small internal space,it is very difficult to evacuate people in the station and trains when emergencies occur.According to statistics,among all subway accidents,direct or indirect fire causes the highest frequency of casualties.For subway stations of different structures and types,the effects of fire and other accidents on evacuation are not the same.This paper uses theoretical analysis methods to deeply study the factors affecting the emergency evacuation of subway stations,and construct physical models of different typical subway stations in Shenyang.Then,a dynamic evacuation model was constructed according to the changes of environmental parameters of the station under different fire conditions.The highest peak passenger flow in the whole life cycle is selected as the personnel load of the subway station.The design simulated a variety of fire scenarios and evacuation conditions in non-fire scenarios,analyzed the weak links of the evacuation process,and proposes optimized evacuation projects for different scenarios Technical means have verified its effectiveness.On this basis,an improved dynamic ASET index system was proposed,and the influence of the changes of different environmental parameters in each area of the station on the evacuation speed was determined.The main research results obtained from the research work carried out in this paper are as follows:1.Because the end fire smoke can only spread to the other end of the platform and the evacuation channel,the impact of the fire products on the environment is greater than that of the central fire source,and it is not conducive to the evacuation of people.Due to the upward propagation of smoke,the equipment layer in the three-story station is more affected by fire products;2.The initial fire in the three-story station accelerated the evacuation of people at the platform level,but it would cause a lot of congestion in the upward stairway position,which seriously affected the service capacity and evacuation efficiency of the stairway.And there is enough space on the hall floor of the double-story station to meet the evacuation of the personnel ascending the stairs,and the evacuation of the personnel on the platform level will not be greatly affected;3.Setting diversion railings at the escalator entrance to increase the distance for people to detour can reduce the congestion near the entrance of the evacuation passage,but the separation effect of excessively long railings may also cause a large number of people evacuated from the train to the platform level to cause congestion on both sides of the platform;4.When the diversion railings have been installed,control the train load to be below 90%of the peak load to meet the safe evacuation time required by relevant regulations;5.Through the improved ASET speed influence degree study,it is found that the evacuation speed of people at the platform level in the three-story station is more affected by CO gas,and the evacuation speed after people evacuated to the equipment level is more affected by visibility,while the hall level is at the platform level In the event of a fire,the impact is small;6.For non-fire emergency evacuation,when the train load reaches 80%of the limit load and the station platform reaches the limit load,emergency measures should be taken to guide personnel to avoid emergencies such as congestion at stairways and gates that affect normal passenger flow and entry.And emergency evacuation... |
