Identification Of Honey Origin Based On Stable Isotope And Mineral Element Fingerprint

China is the world’s largest beekeeping country,as well as a large producer,consumer and exporter of honey,with huge consumer potential and a rapidly expanding honey market.In recent years,some unscrupulous businessmen use the famous label,mass production of shoddy honey and its products,seriously disrupting the normal development of the honey market,to China’s legitimate operation of honey manufacturers caused significant losses.Therefore,to increase the protection of the origin of our honey products,the establishment of effective means of honey identification has become the basis of the current reconstruction of China’s honey industry brand.In this paper,by measuring the stable isotope ratio and mineral element content of honey from different regions,combined with the stoichiometric method to identify the honey origin,so as to try to establish a more efficient honey origin identification model,and provide a scientific and reasonable technical selection reference for honey origin identification and protection.The main research contents and results are as follows:1.Elementary Analyzer-Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometers(EA-IRMS)was used to determine the stable carbon isotope ratios in honey samples and honey protein.Liquid Chromatography-Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometers(LC-IRMS)was used to determine the stable carbon isotope ratios of fructose carbon,glucose carbon and disaccharide carbon in honey samples from six producing areas in China.The ANOVA results showed that there were significant differences in the five carbon stable isotopes of honey among the six producing areas in our country(P<0.05).Principal Components Analysis(PCA),Linear Discriminant Analysis(LDA)and Partial Least-Squares Discrimination Analysis(PLS-DA)were combined to establish the origin identification model of honey based on stable carbon isotopes in six producing areas of China.The results show that only one principal component is extracted in PCA analysis,and the cumulative variance contribution rate is 84.25%.The prediction accuracy of LDA analysis is only about 60%,and the model fitting is general,which can not effectively identify the origin.In PLS-DA analysis,the only elements with VIP values>1 were protein carbon stable isotopes.Therefore,only using stable isotopes can not effectively identify honey producing areas,and it is necessary to combine other indicators to establish an effective identification model.2.The 16 mineral elements of honey samples from six honey producing areas in China were determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry(ICP-MS).TThe ANOVA results showed that there were significant differences in 16 mineral elements among 120 honey samples from six honey producing areas in China(P<0.05).Principal Components Analysis(PCA),Linear Discriminant Analysis(LDA)and Partial Least-Squares Discrimination Analysis(PLS-DA)were combined to establish the origin identification model based on honey mineral element fingerprint in six producing areas of China.The results showed that four principal components were extracted in PCA analysis,and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 73.50%.LDA analysis of the training set prediction accuracy is more than 80%,the model fit is very good,the test set prediction accuracy is more than 70%,indicating that the model has good prediction effectiveness.PLS-DA analysis screened Cu,Sc,Ti,B,Mn,Sr as the key factors,but the fitting effect of the model is still not ideal.The analysis technology based on mineral element fingerprint can effectively distinguish the origin of honey,but it cannot clearly distinguish honey from provinces with similar geographical location.3.Based on the combination of stable isotope and mineral element fingerprinting technology,the honeys from six producing areas were identified and analyzed.Principal Components Analysis(PCA),Linear Discriminant Analysis(LDA)and Partial Least-Squares Discrimination Analysis(PLS-DA)were combined to construct an origin identification model based on honey stable isotope and mineral element fingerprints in six producing areas of China.The results showed that five principal components were extracted in PCA analysis,and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 77.22%.LDA analysis training set prediction accuracy is more than 90%,the model fitting is very good,the test set prediction accuracy is more than 70%,indicating that the model has good prediction effectiveness.PLS-DA analysis screened B,Ti,Ni,Sr,Cu Mg,Pb,Sc and Rb as the key influencing factors.It can be seen that the technology based on the combination of stable isotope and mineral element analysis has a good effect on the identification of honey origin.