| China’s urban rail transit is in a stage of rapid development,and various types of urban rail transit systems are playing an increasingly important role in residents’ daily travel.In recent years,monorail has been applied in many places in China due to its strong engineering adaptability,low cost,and short construction period.As the mileage of monorail increasing year by year,safety issues cannot be ignored.The particular system of monorail traffic brings huge challenges to operation and safety.In addition to fires,collisions and other accidents,there have been many cases in foreign countries when monorail trains lost power in sections and passengers were trapped.The infrastructure of monorail is isolated from outside along the line,so it is difficult to rescue the trapped passengers effectively.In this paper,taking the evacuation and rescue of passengers of monorail trains in elevated sections as the research condition,a simulation platform for evacuation and rescue in monorail sections is constructed by means of microscopic pedestrian simulation modeling and virtual reality(VR)development,and experiments are carried out to explore the evacuation characteristics of passengers.The main research work of this paper is divided into the following aspects:1)Aiming at the evacuation process of passengers in a monorail train,a microscopic pedestrian simulation model is established based on the idea of multi-agent modeling.Through the Net Logo simulation platform,a variety of agent behavior types and individual characteristics can be realized.Virtual passengers can find their own way,dynamically adjust their motion parameters,and respond to various information in the scene.The model can simulate the evacuation process of passengers with high precision.2)Embed the established microscopic pedestrian simulation model in the Unity3 D engine and realize 3D visualization.Referring to the current situation of existing domestic projects,relying on the Unity 3D engine and modeling software to establish a full-scale virtual reality scene for emergency evacuation in monorail sections,including detailed section topography,line structure,monorail trains,weather environment and other scene elements and models,with great performance in reductive and immersive.Based on the established virtual reality scene,a virtual reality simulation platform for the evacuation and rescue in monorail section is constructed by script development,plug-in development,etc.,and finally complete the application of the simulation platform through the integration of software and hardware.3)Based on the developed evacuation simulation platform,real-life experiments are carried out.By setting different types of environmental variables,and making experimenters conducted multiple evacuation and escape drills in the virtual reality environment,the research aims at the evacuation information interaction mode and the influence of evacuation facilities on the evacuation characteristics of passengers.Subjective questionnaire results of the experimenters and the behavior data in the virtual reality environment are collected to conduct analysis by means of correlation test and significance test.Explore the evacuation characteristics of passengers in the monorail car,and compare different evacuation and rescue methods.The microscopic simulation model for passenger evacuation in the monorail elevated section established in this study can provide a theoretical reference for the safe evacuation of the monorail.The developed VR simulation platform can be applied to evacuation training and drills.The comparison of evacuation characteristics and evacuation methods obtained through real experiments provide technical support for evacuation. |
