Change And Scenario Simulation Of Wetland Ecosystem Services In Wuhan Metropolitan Area

Human survival is based on the restoration and protection of ecological environment.Wetland has the ecological functions and characteristics of water and land.Wetland contains many biological resources and has great utilization value and research potential for human beings.The wetland ecosystem is not only an indispensable ecosystem in the world,but also the ecosystem most vulnerable to influence and threat.The evaluation of wetland ecosystem service is referred to the delimitation of regional ecological function areas,ecological compensation mechanism and ecological environment protection.The Wuhan metropolitan region is the one of the largest economic zones in China.It is an important ecological barrier and contains abundant wetland resources.Therefore,the assessment on wetland ecosystem services has great significance in Wuhan metropolitan region.This paper focuses on the wetland resources in Wuhan metropolitan region.Firstly,the change of wetland utilization is dynamically analyzed by using GIS technology in Wuhan metropolitan region during 2000 and 2020.Secondly,the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of wetland water production,wetland habitat quality and wetland carbon storage are calculated by using In VEST model.The influencing factors of wetland ecosystem services are analyzed in Wuhan metropolitan region.Finally,the spatial change of wetland ecological services is simulated by using the CA-Markov model under the condition of ecological planning in 2030.The evolution law of wetland ecosystem services is calculated and analyzed in Wuhan metropolitan region which can provide a basis for the formulating ecological policies during the future.The relevant research conclusions show as follows:(1)The largest area of land use types is cultivated land,forest land and wetland in Wuhan Metropolitan Region,in which wetland is widely distributed.The main wetland types are lake wetland and constructed wetland in Wuhan metropolitan region.The area of each wetland types has different changes during 2000 and 2020.The area of each wetland type changes significantly.The area of swamp wetland is decreased,while the area of constructed wetland,river wetland and lake wetland increased.(2)There are obvious regional differences of wetlands in the spatial distribution during 2000 and 2020.The river wetland gradually formed the distribution characteristics that centered on the Yangtze River and the Hanjiang River.The pattern of lake wetland is nearly agglomeration,mainly distributed in the lower reaches of the Jianghan Plain.The components of constructed wetland are reservoir,pond and aquaculture that mainly distributed around the Yangtze River and Han River.Swamp wetland is distributed around river and lake.(3)During the past 20 years,the water production service function of wetland is gradually enhanced,the habitat quality of wetland is suitable but the change is not obvious and the carbon storage of wetland increased initially and followed by a decrease.Among the wetland types,the habitat quality function of river wetland is better,but the water production function and carbon storage function are weak.The lake wetland can provide higher water production,habitat quality and carbon storage.The constructed wetland has the highest carbon storage,while water production and habitat quality are relatively low.The water production capacity of swamp wetland is strong but habitat quality and carbon storage are relatively weak.(4)The conversion between land use types can have an impact on wetland ecosystem services.In the conversion process between wetland and non-wetland,the water production has the maximum reduction when wetland is converted into grassland.The habitat quality of wetland has the maximum reduction when wetland and swamp wetland are converted into cultivated land.In the transfer situation between wetland types,the water production has the largest increase when the artificial wetland is converted into swamp wetland.The water production has the largest decrease when the lake wetland is converted into swamp wetland.The habitat quality has the largest reduction when the constructed wetland is converted into river wetland.The habitat quality has the largest increase when the lake wetland is converted into constructed wetland.(5)Slope can cause changes in wetland ecosystem services.From 2000 to 2020,with the increase of the slope,the wetland water production gradually increased,the wetland carbon storage gradually decreased and the wetland habitat quality showed a fluctuating trend.Moreover,in the slope within the range of less than 5°,the wetland area is larger so the total amount of wetland water production is the smallest,while the habitat quality index and carbon storage are the largest.(6)During 2020 and 2030,the water production of each wetland types will increase and the carbon storage will decrease in the trend development scenario.The habitat quality of constructed wetland and river wetland improved,while the habitat quality of swamp wetland and lake wetland decreased;The water production of each wetland types decreased in the wetland protection scenario.The habitat quality of river wetland,constructed wetland and swamp wetland both increased,while the habitat quality of lake wetland decreased.The water production of constructed wetland and river wetland decreased and that their habitat quality increased in the economic priority development scenario.The carbon storage of swamp wetland and lake wetland has increase trend.The water production of swamp wetland and lake wetland increased but the habitat quality decreased.The carbon storage of four wetland types has increase trend.Wetland is the most widely distributed land use types in Wuhan metropolitan region that have a variety of ecological functions.Wetland ecosystem services are related to the size and spatial distribution of wetland.In order that coordinate the social economic prosperity with the ecological environment protection in Wuhan metropolitan region,we must not only pay attention to wetland resource and protect the wetland ecological environment system but also focus on the improvement of the wetland ecosystem service value.The research conclusion can clarify the influencing factors of wetland ecosystem services in Wuhan metropolitan region.In addition,this conclusion can balance the relationship between wetland protection and economic development as well as provide a reference for formulating relevant policies that build a spatial layout of high-quality development.