| Consuming foods with high satiety can help reduce appetite and food intake,help weight control and may become an effective dietary strategy for obesity intervention.Resistant starch(RS)has attracted widespread attention as a satiety-enhancing food ingredient.At present,researches at home and abroad focus on the satiety comparison between RS and glucose or fastdigesting starch.There are few studies on satiety differences among different types of RS.Based on this,this topic took three types of RS,including resistant starch granules(RS2),retrograded high amylose maize starch(RS3)and chemically modified starch(RS4),as the research objects to analyze the differences in satiety(short-term and long-term),the correlation between RS properties and short-term satiety and the effect of RS intervention on long-term satiety,which will reveal the mechanism of RS-enhancing satiety and provide a scientific basis for designing high satiety food ingredients for patients with type Ⅱ diabetes and obesity.It has practical value in the prevention and regulation of metabolic diseases such as type Ⅱ diabetes and obesity.First,high amylose maize starch(RS2)was used as raw material to prepare RS3 and OSA modified starch(RS4).The study found that after retrogradation and chemical modification,the crystal structure of high amylose maize starch was destroyed,and the crystallinity decreased from 14.4% to 10.9% and 11.2%,respectively.At the same time,the RS content decreased,but remained above 50%.After 10 min cooking,the RS content in RS3 decreased by 9%,while the RS content in RS2 and RS4 decreased by 39.58% and 31.94%,respectively,indicating that RS3 has better thermal stability.In addition,RS4 viscosity increases with temperature,and viscosity is an important factor affecting satiety.Compared with RS2,the hardness,stickiness and chewiness of RS3 and RS4 were significantly improved,and the chewiness increased from-0.536(RS2)to 565.9(RS3)and 301.02(RS4),which helped increase oral exposure time and promote satiety.Secondly,the differences in the effects of the three RS samples in enhancing short-term satiety in the BALB/c mouse model and the correlation between the structure and properties of RS and short-term satiety were explored.The results of animal experiments showed that there were significant differences in the satiety-enhancing effects of the three RS samples(p < 0.05).At the same dose,the 4-hour food intake of the RS3 group was 0.58 g,while the food intake of the RS4 and RS2 groups were 1.56 and 1.78 g,respectively,indicating that RS3 was the most effective in promoting short-term satiety.In addition,RS3 could sustain satiety for up to 4 h,and the other two groups reached the strongest satiety at 3 h,which was attributed to RS3’s ability to regulate postprandial blood glucose to maintain a low and fluctuating state.However,in the longer-term satiety experiment,it was found that the RS3 group had a "hunger compensation phenomenon",and the food intake increased within 4-10 h,while the RS4 could suppress the appetite of the second meal,and the cumulative food intake in 10 hours was the least,showing the strongest ability to maintain longer-term satiety.Pearson correlation analysis found that median diameter(D50)and volume mean diameter(Mv)were significantly positively correlated with short-term satiety(r = 0.948,r = 0.968,p < 0.01),while those with longer-term(10 h)satiety was weakly correlated.The proportion of A chains was positively correlated with swelling power(r = 0.880,p < 0.05).The swelling power was significantly negatively correlated with gastric emptying rate(r =-0.979,p < 0.01),and significantly positively correlated with longer-term satiety(r = 0.982,p < 0.01).And gastric emptying rate was significantly negatively correlated with longer-term satiety(r =-0.945,p < 0.01),indicating that the increase in swelling power of RS promoted the force with the gastrointestinal tract,thereby contributing to the reduction of gastric emptying rate and enhanced satiety.Finally,long-term intervention experiments were carried out on BALB/c mice to explore the effects of three RS samples on physiological indicators related to long-term satiety and basic growth indicators in mice.It was found that none of the three RSs had adverse effects on the healthy growth of mice.Among them,RS4 could effectively control the weight gain of mice,with an average increase of 1.30 g in 4 weeks,much lower than that of RS3(4.10 g)and RS2(3.47 g).Concentrations of the gut hormone tyrosin(PYY),which is associated with satiety,were also highest in the RS4 group compared to RS2 and RS3.Therefore,RS4 has the best effect of enhancing long-term satiety,mainly due to the fact that RS4 can regulate the random blood sugar of mice to keep it in a stable state,resulting in a decrease in food intake of mice.In addition,RS2 can effectively increase the production of short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs),especially the production of acetate and propionate in the intestine,thereby activating gluconeogenesis and producing satiety second only to RS4,which indicates that RS could also enhance long-term satiety by promoting the fermentation of gut microbes to produce SCFAs. |
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