| The production of microbial organic fertilizer by aerobic fermentation to achieve harmlessness of livestock and poultry manure and resource reuse can solve the problem of crop fertilizer and pollution caused by the intensive livestock and poultry breeding model.Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR)is the core of microbial organic fertilizers.Screening and utilizing PGPRs that enhance crop growth,development and stress resistance is one of the focuses of microbial organic fertilizer research.Therefore,this study systematically explored the effects of different Bacillus on maize(Zea mays L.)drought resistance at bud stage,seedling stage and maize yield,and screened out the ability to enhance maize bud stage drought resistance and seedling stage drought resistance.And the optimal Bacillus for improving corn yield.The optimal Bacillus and the high-quality nitrogen-fixing bacteria and phosphorus-dissolving bacteria obtained by the research group were added to the organic fertilizer fermentation system using sheep manure and chicken manure as raw materials,and the fermentation process was optimized to produce sheep manure and chicken manure.The microbial organic fertilizer provides the necessary process parameters.The main findings are as follows:1.Using the water retention capacity of PEG,prepare PEG/6000 with 4 concentrations of 5%,10%,15% and 20%,and simulate the conditions of corn drought stress after filtering sterilization and high-pressure steam sterilization.Statistical analysis was carried out on the germination indexes of maize seeds,and it was found that 15% PEG was suitable for simulating moderate drought stress during maize seed germination.2.Under drought stress,corn was inoculated with Bacillus from different regions of Guizhou and different plant rhizosphere sources.After statistical analysis of corn germination indicators,R29-1,R9,R59 and R60 were screened out for the germination process of corn seeds.The drought resistance has a good promoting effect.R29-1,R9,R59 and R60 were inoculated into maize again,and the promoting effect of R29-1,R9,R59 and R60 on the drought resistance in maize bud stage was verified by measuring and analyzing maize germination indexes and physiological and biochemical indexes of buds.The results showed that R29-1,R9,R59 and R60 Bacillus could improve the drought resistance of maize bud stage compared with the control group,and R60 had the strongest promoting effect on maize bud stage drought resistance.At the same time,the physiology and biochemistry of maize bud stage also showed that the four kinds of Bacillus all had the effect of improving the drought resistance of maize bud stage.3.R9,R59,and R60,which have a strong role in promoting drought resistance in maize bud stage,were inoculated into the roots of potted maize,and the three strains of Bacillus were inoculated by measuring the appearance phenotype of maize and the physiological and biochemical indicators of maize leaves at seedling stage.Effects on drought resistance of maize seedlings.The results showed that the three Bacillus species could improve the growth and development ability of maize under normal conditions and under drought stress,and the order of the promotion effect of R9,R59,and R60 on maize growth and development was under normal conditions: R60>R59>R9;Under stress: R60>R59>R9.4.The field test was carried out on the corn root watering R9,R59,R60 and R29-1 bacterial solution,and the corn yield and its constituent factors were determined to explore the influence of R9,R59,R60 and R29-1 strains on the corn yield.The results showed that the inoculation was different.The corn yield of Bacillus spp.can improve,and the order of corn yield after inoculation is: R9>R60>R59>R29-1.5.After screening Bacillus,which has a strong promoting effect on corn drought resistance and improves corn yield from corn bud stage,seedling stage and field test,according to the research basis of predecessors,the moisture content and p H of microbial organic fertilizer raw materials are analyzed.A single factor test was performed on the value and the inoculation time of functional bacteria.The results of single factor are: on the basis that the raw material C/N is25:1~35:1,the bacterial agent is added 3.5‰,the moisture content is 60%,the p H value is 6,and the functional bacteria inoculation time is the decomposing stage,which is the fermentation state.optimal process parameters.After the single factor test,the 34-level orthogonal test was carried out on the optimal single factor parameters.The results of the orthogonal test were: the moisture content was 60%,the inoculation time of functional bacteria was the decomposing stage,and the p H value was 6.The best fermentation process That is,the raw material C/N is 25:1~35:1,the bacterial agent is added 3.5‰,the moisture content is 60%,the p H value is 6 and the functional bacteria inoculation time is the decomposing stage.After the single factor and orthogonal test,a small-scale fermentation production test of microbial organic fertilizer was carried out,and various technical indicators of the national microbial organic fertilizer product were determined.,p H value is 8.2 and the number of fecal coliform is 121/g,the number of functional bacteria Bacillus subtilis,nitrogen-fixing bacteria and phosphorus-dissolving bacteria are 10.25×108 cuf/g,6.52×108 cuf/g and 9.34×108 cuf respectively/g.In the large-scale fermentation production test,the organic matter content,the number of effective viable bacteria,and the number of fecal coliforms in the biological bacterial fertilizer products all meet the national standard for biological bacterial fertilizers(NY/884-2012).Secondly,the microbial organic fertilizer has a loose structure and is brown.Good physical state such as strong air permeability.To sum up,Bacillus R60 has the best effect on improving the drought resistance at the bud stage,the drought resistance at the seedling stage,and the corn field yield.Therefore,R60 was selected as the corn drought resistance functional bacteria to be added to the microbial organic fertilizer.In the fermentation of microbial organic fertilizer,sheep manure and chicken manure are used to optimize the fermentation parameters through single factor test and orthogonal test on the basis of raw material C/N of 25:1~35:1 and bacterial agent addition of 3.5‰.The raw material C/N is 25:1~35:1,the bacterial agent is added 3.5‰,the moisture content is 60%,the p H value is6 and the inoculation time of functional bacteria is the decomposing stage.After the small test stage,the organic matter content,the number of effective viable bacteria,and the number of fecal coliforms all meet the national standards for biological bacterial fertilizers.Therefore,the process parameters have important reference value for the organic fertilizer fermentation of sheep manure and chicken manure. |
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