Study On Evacuation Strategy In Crowded Places

With the change of people’s life concept and way,crowded places have become the main carrier of China’s economy and culture.Due to the high density and mobility of people in densely populated places,once an emergency occurs,it will cause serious casualties.As a typical crowded place,cinemas have the characteristics of high personnel density,narrow channels,stepped buildings and limited number of exits.The occurrence of emergencies such as fire and terrorist attacks will bring serious consequences.In this case,it is particularly important to study the evacuation strategy of cinema personnel,realize efficient evacuation in a short time and ensure the safety of film viewers.There are many deficiencies in the previous research of overall evacuation strategy,such as ignoring the complex relationship between evacuation environment and evacuees,and ignoring the dynamic changes of evacuees.Aiming at reducing evacuation time,starting from the interaction law between evacuees and evacuation environment,this paper studies the overall evacuation strategy by constructing a cinema evacuation model.The main research contents and results of this paper include:Firstly,summarize the relevant literature of personnel evacuation and identify the process of personnel evacuation.Select high-rise buildings,large commercial complexes,cinemas,gymnasiums,classrooms and other crowded places as the research object,sort out the evacuation strategies of these places,and identify the main process of personnel evacuation.Combined with the field survey results of different cinema scenes,this paper combs the architectural characteristics of cinemas and the characteristics of personnel evacuation movement,and analyzes the influencing factors of personnel evacuation process.Secondly,the evacuation model of cinema is built based on cellular automatic mechanism.The grid is realized according to the architectural characteristics of the cinema,and the state and assignment of the grid are preprocessed.Formulate exit selection and cell transition rules based on evacuation distance to simulate the evacuation of cinema personnel.The results show that the closer the connection between the exit and the passage is,the higher the proportion of people with fast evacuation speed in the overall evacuation,and the more conducive to evacuation.At the same time,the difference in the distribution of evacuees will have an impact on the overall evacuation.Finally,aiming at the problem that some seats in the cinema can not be evacuated within 2 minutes,two strategies are proposed: strengthening the connection between the exit and the vertical channel and intervening in the distribution of heterogeneous people,and the strategy is analyzed through different attendance rates and the composition of heterogeneous people.The results show that when the occupancy rate reaches 100%,the proportion of the elderly and children reaches100%,improving the exit distribution can shorten the evacuation time by 8.9%,and the higher the occupancy rate,the higher the proportion of the elderly and children,the more obvious the result of shortening the evacuation time is;Reasonably arranging the distribution of the elderly and children so that they can sit near the exit can greatly reduce the overall evacuation time,and the lower the proportion of the elderly and children,the more the advantages of this strategy can be reflected.According to the attendance of different people,this paper puts forward a reasonable evacuation strategy to help the cinema achieve efficient evacuation in a short time.