Ecosystem Health Assessment Of Jinzhou Lake National Wetland Park,Hunan

Wetland is "the kidney of the earth" and "the source of fresh water".Strengthening the restoration and protection of wetland ecosystem is related to the common future of mankind.Jinzhou Lake National Wetland Park,Ningxiang city,Hunan Province,is an important ecological barrier of Ningxiang city.From 2019 to 2020,field investigation of wetland park wetland status,animal and plant types,soil indicators,air pollutants indicators,water quality indicators,wetland park resource characteristics analysis,and the rational use of wetland park research.The main results are as follows:(1) The total area of Jinzhou Lake NationalWetland Park is 1194.80 hectares,and the total area of wetland is 565.50 hectares,among which the area of river wetland is 551.52hm2 and constructed wetland is 13.98 hm2,accounting for 97.53%and 2.47% of the total area of wetland park and 46.16% and 1.17% of the total area of wetland park respectively.There are 1198 species of higher plants,699 genera and 199 families in the park,including 3 species of national class I protected plants and 14 species of national Class II protected plants.There were 1170 species of vascular plants,accounting for 60.25% of the total species in Wetlands of China.There are a total of 27 orders,65 families,129genera and 160 species of vertebrates in the wetland park, including 1 species and 19 species of national Grade I and National Grade II key protected wild animals.And accounted for 69.23%,58.04%,40.57% and 27.39% of total orders,families,genera and species of animals in Hunan Wetland Park,respectively.The biodiversity of plant and animal resources in Golden Lake Wetland Park is rich.Simpson index and Shannon-Wiener index of plant community are0.95and 5.36,and Simpson index and Shannon-Wiener index of animal community are 0.61 and 3.57,respectively.(2) In the Jinzhou Lake National Wetland Park,the pH of topsoil varied from 5.32 to 7.24,the content of organic C varied from 4.20 to 10.26 g/kg,the content of total N varied from 0.36 to 1.68 g/kg,and the content of P varied from 0.08 to 0.30 mg/g.The changes of K,Ca,Mg,Fe and Mn were 0.09-0.28 mg/g,1.21-5.96 mg/g,0.20-0.95 mg/g,2.407-7.096mg/g and 0.038-0.80 mg/g4, respectively.The changes of Zn, Cu,Pb and Cd ranged from 0.005-0.036 mg/g,0.002-0.018 mg/g,0.001-0.015 mg/g and 0-0.0006 mg/g.Zn,Cu and Pb all reached the national soil environmental quality level i standard.Correlation analysis showed that organic C and total N,total N and P,P and K,P and Mg,K and Mg,Zn and Cu in Jinzhou Lake Wetland Park were positively correlated.(3) In the jinzhou Lake National Wetland Park from 2019 to 2020,PM10,SO2,NO2,CO and PM2.,were the highest in January,November and December.O3 was the lowest in January and December,The AQI index in 2019 was 60,and the AQI index in 2020 was 70,both within the range of 50 <API≤100.The ambient air quality was good,and the main pollutants were fine PM2.5,PM10 and O3.The concentrations of PM10,SO2,NO2 and PM2.5in Jinzhou Lake national wetland park decreased in 2020 compared with 2019,while the concentrations of nitric oxide and ozone increased,indicating that the air quality changes in jinzhou Lake national wetland park are complex.(4) In 2019,Jinzhou Lake national wetland Park the annual precipitation was 1425.9 mm,with a pH value ranging from 5.42 to 6.72,and an annual average pH value of 6.16.The maximum precipitation in the second quarter was 765.1mm,and the lowest precipitation in the fourth quarter was 101.6mm.Acid rain appeared in the first quarter,and the annual acid rain frequency was 2%.In 2020,the precipitation was 1025.0mm,with a pH range from 4.24 to 6.71,and an annual average pH value of 5.90.The annual precipitation was scattered.There were 28 acid rain events in the whole year,all of which occurred in the fourth quarter,accounting for 28.6% of the annual rainfall fields,significantly higher than last year,and the environmental quality urgently needs to be improved.(5) Based on PSR model framework,this study through the social,economic and ecological aspects of the reference factors,build the jinzhou lake national wetland park ecosystem three subsystems,a total of 17 evaluation index,the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to determine the index weights,with fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model to evaluate the method,to calculate comprehensive index of ecosystem health,The health evaluation score of jinzhou lake national wetland park ecosystem was determined to be 3.431,which was within the range of health and sub-health.The disease factors and their effects were analyzed to provide scientific basis for the management and ecological restoration of Jinzhou lake national wetland.