| Through the investigation of natural resources and human resources in Jinggang ancient town,as well as spatial and temporal monitoring of water quality and soil and analysis of experimental data using excel,spss and other software,and evaluation and analysis based on the "Green Ecological Village Environmental Index System Quantitative Methods".On this basis,the current situation analysis and functional zoning planning of the ancient town are carried out,and protection and utilization countermeasures are proposed for wetland resources,water environment,soil environment,landscape appearance of the ancient town,etc.,to provide reference for the construction of green ecological leisure tourism type villages and towns.The results of the study are as follows:(1)Apatio-temporal variation characteristics of water environmental factorsThe water quality monitoring results of Jinggang ancient town in 2021 during theflat water period,the abundant water period and the dry water period are as follows:the water quality is weakly alkaline;the ammonia nitrogen content is between Ⅰ-Ⅱclass of "Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water"(GB3838-2002);the total phosphorus content is between IV-V class,and the pollution is more serious;the COD content is between Ⅰ-Ⅱ class.The overall water body environment in the flat water period is between Ⅰ-Ⅱ category,the overall rich water period belongs to Ⅰcategory,and the overall dry water period belongs to Ⅱ category.Ancient town water environment Zn,Cu element content are up to Ⅱ standard(Zn≤1.0,Cu≤1.0).Pb,Cd element content are up to Ⅰ standard(Pb≤0.01mg/L,Cd≤0.001mg/L).Monitoring of the ancient town waters has not found metal pollution for the time being.(2)Spatial variation characteristics of soil environmentThe soil of Jinggang Ancient Town is transitioning from weak acidity to neutrality.According to the second national soil census nutrient grading standard,the organic matter content of Jinggang ancient town soil belongs to grade 3-5,and the overall organic matter content of the soil is low.The content of total nitrogen and phosphorus belongs to grade 4,the degree of abundance and deficiency is "medium",and the content of total potassium belongs to grade 6,the degree of abundance and deficiency is "very low",the supply of potassium is insufficient or leaching loss is large.Total calcium and magnesium contents are 1.53-2.98g/kg and 1.45-2.49g/kg respectively,and the calcium and magnesium contents of the soil in Guzhen are relatively sufficient.The contents of Cu,Mn,Zn,Pb and Cd in the soil of Jinggang ancient town are significantly different in different spaces(P<0.05).The Pb and Cd contents are lower than the Soil Environmental Quality Standard Grade II.The study shows that the woodland plants have a strong absorption effect on Pb,and the woodland is mostly adjacent to residential areas,which is more influenced by human(the higher Pb value of the woodland on both sides of the road is mainly influenced by car exhaust),and the higher Cd value of the grassland patch area is due to the fact that the grassland patch is adjacent to the parking lot of the ancient town,and car exhaust pollution and pesticides are the causes of the higher Cd value of the grassland patch area.Inorganic substances are the main reasons for the high Cd content of the grassland.(3)Study on the characteristics of landscape patternThe landscape pattern index of Jinggang Ancient Town was calculated by Fragstata4.2.Green areas accounted for 61.83%of the total area,wetland patches and water patches were the dominant patches in the area,with an area of 30.81 hm2,accounting for 44.25%of the total area,with high connectivity between water and wetlands and relatively low overall fragmentation.The landscape richness index(PRD)is 0.03086 units/hm2,which indicates that the landscape elements in the ancient town are small in type and number and uneven in distribution.The Landscape Shape Index(LSI)is 6.1382,indicating that the geometry of landscape elements is relatively simple and subject to large external interference;the Shannon Diversity Index(SHDI)is 1.0031 and the Shannon Evenness Index(SHEI)value is 0.4816,indicating that land use is relatively rich,fragmentation is high,and the dominant types of patches are not obvious and unevenly distributed.When optimizing the spatial pattern of Jingang Ancient Town,the focus should be on water and wetlands,and the spatial structure of the ring and belt should be formed by "stringing points and lines and leading surfaces".(4)Environmental quality evaluation and analysis of green ecological villages and townsAccording to the standard division of "Systematic Quantitative Method for Environmental Indicators of Green Ecological Towns and Villages",the overall evaluation of jinggang Ancient Town’s environmental quality is "good".The single factor evaluation of resource conservation and utilization and public service facilities is "excellent",the single factor evaluation of environmental quality and restoration is"good",and the single factor evaluation of production development and management is"poor",indicating that the ecological environment background of the ancient town is relatively good,but it needs to be improved in cleaner production and environmental protection industry development.(5)Sustainable development and utilization strategy of ancient townBased on the characteristics of landscape pattern and temporal and spatial variation of water and soil environment,the ancient town is divided into four functional areas:living area,protection area,restoration area and rational utilization area.On the basis of restoring the water quality and improving the soil environment,the integrity,function and species diversity of the whole ecological system of the ancient town are highlighted,and the ecological landscape pattern connected by slices,zones and surfaces is formed by combining various forest components such as arbor,crown and grass. |
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