Study On Air Pollutants Emission Inventory And PM_2.5 Exposure Risk For Urban Resident In Zhengzhou City

In recent years,air pollutants emissions of urban residential sources have increased remarkably with the rapid development of urbanization which has seriously affected residents’ health.The emission inventory of residential sources is gradually concerned by researchers,but the spatial resolutions of most inventories are low.As the most polluted new first-tier cities in China,Zhengzhou City has a large population of urban residents which consume massive fossil fuels and has a serious negative impact on its air quality.Consequently,it is important to establish a high spatial resolution emission inventory for urban residential sources and evaluate the impact of PM2.5 exposure to urban residents’ health for the air pollution control in Zhengzhou city.Based on the statistical data,this study calculated air pollutant emissions from urban residential sources(fossil fuel combustion,household solvent,and cooking)in Zhengzhou City,constructed a spatial high-resolution emission inventory of urban residents by using the method combining web crawling and Housing Price to Income Ratios,and analyzed the spatial distribution characteristics of different air pollutants.In addition,based on the results of the emission inventory,PM2.5 exposure concentration and health impact of urban residents in outdoor and indoor environments were evaluated,and the drops of PM2.5 exposure concentrations and healthy benefits generated by various reducing measures were analyzed quantitatively.The results showed that:(1)In 2019,total emissions of NOx,SO2,CO,NH3,PM10,PM2.5,BC,OC and VOCs from urban residential sources of Zhengzhou were 1039.51 t,861.34 t,2661.71 t,200.71 t,1177.65 t,817.44 t,148.48 t,465.92 t and 4050.39 t,respectively.All of the NOx,SO2,CO and NH3 emissions were generated from residential fossil fuel combustion source.And PM10,PM2.5,BC and OC emissions were emitted from residential fossil fuel combustion source and cooking source.(2)Lowincome level of urban residents generated 51.08%,53.31%and 52.78%of SO2,CO and BC emissions which were negatively correlated with residential incomes.On the contrary,high-income level emitted 31.57%,30.40%and 31.66%of NOx,NH3 and VOCs emissions which were positively correlated with incomes.(3)In 2019,the total exposure concentrations of PM2.5 for urban residents of Zhengzhou ranged from 50.57μg/m3 to 92.27 μg/m3,and about 10323 deaths of specific diseases caused by PM2.5 exposure.The indoor PM2.5 exposure concentrations ranged from 40.32 μg/m3 to 80.24μg/m3,and the PM2.5 exposure concentration Gongyi was higher than the limit of 75μg/m3 in Indoor Air Quality Standard.(4)Under fuel replacement scenario,about 517 deaths might be avoided.Under cooking fume control scenario,about 746 to 1981 deaths might be avoided if the cooking oil fume control rate increases by 30%-70%.Under comprehensive scenario,when the outdoor PM2.5 concentration remains unchanged,by replacing fuel and the cooking oil fume control rate increases by 50%,about 1846 deaths might be avoided.If outdoor PM2.5 concentration is reduced to 35μg/m3 and the same measures are adopted,4271 deaths might be avoided,furthermore 8376 deaths might be avoided by meeting the standard of 10 μg/m3.