The Influence Of Haze On The Income Gap Between Urban And Rural Residents And Its Mechanism

In recent years,the problems caused by air pollution have become increasingly prominent,which will hinder economic development,such as widening the income gap.Through the overall analysis,it can be found that the relationship between air pollution and income gap is relatively complex,and there is still an important problem to be solved in the existing research,that is,the endogenous problem between air pollution and income gap.This endogeneity is mainly reflected in three aspects: backward causality,missing variables and measure error.Existing studies lack appropriate methods for in-depth research or effective avoidance of this issue,which may lead to inaccurate,inconsistent or even biased analysis results of existing studies.In view of this thesis is based on Chinese cities as PM2.5 in 2000-2016 panel data,choose a more accurate representation of the income gap of urban and rural residents income in China than is as explained variable,in this thesis,the fog this air pollution on the influence of income gap make the inspection again,try to solve the problems mentioned in the literature analysis of endogenous,in this thesis,the method to solve the problem of endogenous variable method is to try to use tools to study the problem.In this thesis,temperature inversion,an appropriate natural climate variable,is selected as the tool variable of haze.The temperature inversion of an area is directly related to the formation of haze,an air pollution,but is not related to the economic activities of the area.In terms of model setting,this thesis constructs and analyzes the relevant models from the macro level of prefecture-level cities and the micro level of individuals.Based on the regional level of empirical analysis mainly instrumental variable method is used to haze of the influence of income gap effect size for inspection again,based on an empirical analysis on the individual level is based on instrumental variable method to health with the mediation effect of human capital,the regulating effect,the mechanism of phase analysis model,introduced three kinds of methods,such as,in order to explore the micromechanism of fog influence income gap.In this thesis,the research on the mechanism of haze affecting the income gap between urban and rural permanent residents will take the healthy human capital as the analysis Angle and use the individual data of Chinese household income survey(CHIP)for empirical analysis.Different type of work,due to the different nature of work in the exposure of the pollution situation is different,the type of work characteristics of urban residents and rural residents after comparison,found that the type of work of urban residents and rural residents are engaged in the work have bigger difference,in the face of the smog that exposure to air pollution,health and income of city residents and rural residents’ health and income is affected by a gap,the differences between urban and rural residents work causes smog exposure difference of urban and rural residents is a haze to the health of urban and rural residents and the influence of income gap is an important mechanism.Empirical analysis verify the fog’s rise will lead to the expansion of income gap,the conclusion in accordance with the previously existing research conclusion is roughly,but after the instrumental variable method is applied,the estimated results show that the fog effect estimates of the effect of income gap than previous research results,this shows that the previous research in part due to ignoring the endogenous,the provincial data,data is relatively rough estimate of the fog haze income gap effect size appeared undervalued,so in this thesis,the selection of instrumental variable is effectiveness.In type of work bring pollution exposure differences and health depend on the differences of dual influence,facing the same haze pollution,for rural residents,not only the health of human capital are at higher risk of damage,and when the job is more dependent on the health damage to human capital,the extent of its revenues may also be greater than urban residents.Therefore,based on the above analysis,haze will lead to the expansion of the income gap between urban and rural permanent residents due to the dual effects of pollution exposure difference caused by different types of work and health dependence difference.Based on the above research,and considering that the income gap will hinder the economic growth of developing countries,in the process of promoting economic growth in developing countries,it is necessary to strengthen the governance of haze.