| Artichoke bracts are one of the main by-products in artichoke processing and production.At present,they are basically discarded directly,resulting in a waste of resources and relatively low added value.Artichoke bracts are good raw materials for the preparation of dietary fiber because they contain a lot of dietary fiber.To artichokes production process of waste as raw material,artichokes,total dietary fiber was extracted by Chinese standard method for high pressure homogeneous-superfine grinding composite modification,the composite modification of artichokes functional properties of dietary fiber and the influence of the physical and chemical properties,and will be modified before and after the artichokes dietary fiber powder added to the feed rats,research on the protection effect of cadmium poisoning rats,In order to provide reference for the research of artichoke dietary fiber and the development and utilization of products.The main research contents and results are as follows:(1)To study the extraction of Soluble Dietary Fiber from artichoke after ultrafine grinding(high-energy nano impact mill)modification and pretreatment;SDF),using single factor and response surface experimental design,the high pressure homogenization process was optimized to obtain a higher yield.The effects of homogenization temperature,homogenization pressure and material concentration on SDF yield of artichoke were investigated by single factor experiment.The results showed that the yield of SDF was significantly affected by the composite modification after ultrafine grinding and high pressure homogenization.The optimal extraction conditions of SDF were as follows:homogenization temperature of 41℃,homogenization pressure of 97MPa and material concentration of 2.5%,and the theoretical maximum yield of SDF was 20.70%.Using this process,the yield of SDF of artichoke was 19.95%.(2)Through the measurement of particle size distribution,physical and chemical properties and functional properties of artichoke DF before and after modification,it can be concluded that the functional properties and physicochemical properties of the CM-ADF group artichoke DF modified by high pressure homogenization and ultra-fine pulverization have been significantly improved.From the structural analysis of artichoke DF,it can be concluded that:The combined modification method of high pressure homogenization and ultra-fine grinding can greatly reduce the particle size of artichoke DF,and the particle size range is mainly distributed at 7-12μm,which makes the particle size distribution more uniform.Compared with the other three groups of artichoke DF,the particle size is significantly reduced and the surface is more smooth,which is helpful to improve the powder properties of artichoke DF.It is beneficial to explore the functional properties of DF in artichoke.From the analysis of functional group strength and physical and chemical properties of artichoke DF,it can be concluded that the combined modification method of high pressure homogenization and ultra-fine grinding can improve the strength of oxygen-containing functional groups such as carboxyl group and hydroxyl group in artichoke DF,and can greatly enhance its oil holding capacity,cation exchange capacity and total negative charge.(3)In the study on the protective effect of artichoke DF on the body of rats with cadmium poisoning,modified HPH-ADF,CM-ADF and untreated ADF of artichoke DF were added to the feed of rats,and cadmium chloride was added to the drinking water of rats to explore the protective effect of different modification methods on the body of rats with cadmium poisoning.The results showed that:Serum creatinine and blood urea in CG group increased by 148%and 278%compared with BG group.The urine protein level of rats in CG group was higher,reaching 4.27mg/L,which increased by 319%compared with that in BG group.The serum creatinine and blood urea levels in ADF group,HPH-ADF group and CM-ADF group were decreased by 23.9%,30.7%and 43.3%compared with that in CG group.The CM-ADF group showed the most significant downward trend.Liver GSH-Px activity of CG group was decreased by 160%compared with BG group,and liver GSH-Px activity of ADF group,HPH-ADF group and CM-ADF group was increased by 30.9%,56.2%and 101.4%compared with kidney GSH-Px activity of CG group.Serum AST and ALT levels in CG group were increased by 153.2%and 186.3%compared with those in BG group.Serum AST and ALT levels in ADF group,HPH-ADF group and CM-ADF group decreased by 9.1%,24.0%,47.4%and 14.1%,17.1%,40.2%,respectively,compared with those in CG group.Compared with CG group,liver congestion and fat accumulation were significantly improved in HPH-ADF group and CM-ADF group,and liver weight was also significantly decreased.Compared with those in BG group,the relative weight of testis in ADF group,HPH-ADF group and CM-ADF group increased by 10.5%,9.5%and 4.3%,and the connective tissue arrangement,spermatogenic tubule spacing and membrane separation in testis of rats were significantly improved compared with those in CG group,and the improvement was most significant in CM-ADF group.RBC count and hemoglobin count in ADF group,HPH-ADF group and CM-ADF group were increased by 10.96%,10.83%,10.71%and 14.80%,20.47%,27.38%,respectively,compared with those in CG group.Compared with CG group,the WBC count and neutrophils ratio in ADF group,HPH-ADF group and CM-ADF group decreased by 8.49%,39.45%,40.60%and 4.40%,7.60%and 12.50%,respectively.The CM-ADF group showed the most obvious decreasing trend.All the above results showed that artichoke DF had a certain protecti ve effect on the body of rats with cadmium poisoning. |
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