| In order to solve the problems of soil structure destruction,incoordination of water and fertilizer and low yield and quality caused by plastic film mulching for Salvia miltiorrhiza planting,this paper carried out the experiment of bio-matrix film mulching for Salvia miltiorrhiza planting from the perspective of sustainable green ecological agriculture development.The experiment was carried out in Jiayufeng Chinese Medicinal Materials Cooperation Base of Zhongjiang County,Sichuan Province from 2021 to 2022.Two experiments of planting Salvia miltiorrhiza were set up: bio-matrix film mulching(BM),plastic film mulching(PM),and PM was as the control.The effects of different mulching treatments on the salvia miltiorrhiae growth,soil physical and chemical properties and soil microbial characteristics were studied,in order to provide theoretical and practical basis for the popularization and application of bio-matrix film mulching.The main research results obtained were as follows:1.Bio-matrix mulch film(BM)significantly increased plant height,crown width,leaf length and leaf width of Salvia miltiorrhiza at flowering stage;The activities of peroxidase(POD),phenylalanine lyase(PAL),polyphenol oxidase(PPO)and cinnamic acid4-hydroxylase(C4H)were significantly increased in leaves of Salviorrhiza miltiorrhiza.The length of main root,number of root,yield and quality of salvia miltiorrhiza were significantly improved.Compared with PM treatment,BM treatment increased 41.71%,88.11% and 74.26% in main root length,number of branch roots and root crown length at maturity stage of Salvia miltiorrhiza.The effective components of cryptotanshinone,tanshinone Ⅰ and tanshinone ⅡA at maturity stage increased by 475%,66.67% and 110.53%,and the yield of salvia miltiorrhiza increased by 49.89%.2.Bio-matrix film mulching(BM)effectively regulated soil temperature and water content of Salvia miltiorrhiza.BM treatment of Salvia miltiorrhiza seedling stage 0-20 cm soil moisture content significantly increased by 0.83%.Compared with PM treatment,the mean soil temperature of 0-20 cm soil layer of Salvia miltiorrhiza in BM treatment during high temperature season decreased by 1.45 ℃ to 4.86 ℃,respectively.Soil water content decreased by 1.84%～6.00%,and the effect of cooling and dampness was obvious.3.BM treatment could significantly affect soil nutrient supply at different growth stages of Salvia miltiorrhiza.Under BM treatment,soil pH of 5-20 cm soil layer at maturity stage of Salviorrhiza remained stable(6.38-7.05).Meanwhile,compared with PM treatment,BM treatment significantly increased the contents of total nitrogen,alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium in 0-5 cm soil layer of Salvia miltiorrhiza at maturity stage,increasing by 129.79%,34.59%,28.46% and 29.17%,respectively.The contents of organic matter,total nitrogen,alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and available potassium in 5-20 cm soil layer were increased by 27.04%,7.89%,15.59% and16.43%,respectively.4.Bio-matrix mulch film(BM)can significantly increase the activities of sucrase and acid phosphatase in 0-20 cm soil layer.At the same time,BM treatment also improved the content of microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen,microbial biomass carbon increased by9.98% and 13.08% and microbial nitrogen increased by 24.02% and 19.91% in 0-5 cm soil layers of Salvia Miltiorrhiza at flowering and maturity stages.In addition,the number of bacteria and actinomyces in 5-20 cm soil layers increased significantly by more than44.90% during flowering and maturity periods.5.Compared with PM treatment,BM treatment significantly increased the diversity and richness of bacterial community in 0-5 cm soil layer of Salvia miltiorrhiza at maturity stage,and improved the composition of soil microbial community.At the phylum level,BM treatment increased the relative abundance of potentially beneficial bacteria such as Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria in 0-20 cm soil layer.At the genus level,BM treatment increased the relative abundance of Nitrospira,Streptomyces and other functional bacteria in the 0-5 cm soil layer.RDA redundancy analysis showed that soil organic matter and acid phosphatase activity were the most important environmental factors affecting bacterial communities.In summary,bio-matrix mulch film could improve soil quality,change soil microbial communities and activity,effectively improve the yield and quality of Salvia miltiorrhiza,and reduce plastic mulching pollution by changing soil water and heat,which is in line with the green and environmental protection sustainable development concept of salvia Miltiorrhiza planting. |
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