Research On Bionic Bacteria Micro-scale Swimming Robot Based On Ganoderma Lucidum Spores

Micro/nano robots can convert various driving energy sources into controlled mechanical motion in a liquid environment.With the development of micro and nano technology,micro/nano robots have gradually been used in biological fields such as life perception,targeted drug delivery,and environmental pollution control,reflecting a wide range of application prospects.However,traditional preparation processes are complex and require expensive and precise equipment.Therefore,this study provides a new idea for the preparation of micro/nano robots and the development of low-cost bionic bacterial micro scale robots,hoping to bring new inspiration to the manufacturing and development of micro/nano robots.Inspired by the structure of bacterial flagella,this article explores the preparation of bionic bacterial flagella structures based on ganoderma lucidum spores.Using natural Ganoderma lucidum spores（GLS）as templates,combined with the plastic solidification molding properties of resins,different processes were explored to prepare bacterial like flagella structures on GLS.After magnetization,the maneuverability under the action of magnetic field was studied,laying an experimental foundation for potential applications such as targeted therapy and drug delivery.The main research contents are as follows:First,natural GLS is used as a biological template,and it is chemically treated to construct a through-hole through the GLS shell.The optimal conditions for pouring resin solution into the interior of the GLS cavity were studied using a negative pressure process,and verified by scanning electron microscopy（SEM）,laying the foundation for further preparation of bionic bacterial flagella structures.Secondly,explore the preparation methods and processes of biomimetic bacterial flagella structures.Three methods,ultrasonic,microwave,and high-pressure,were explored for the preparation of biomimetic bacterial flagella structures.（1）Using ultrasound to inject resin solution into the cavity of GLS,a spherical structure formed on the surface of GLS was found;（2）The feasibility of this technology was verified by using microwave to inject GLS into the cavity and solidify it to achieve the preparation of a bionic flagella structure;（3）Using a high-pressure reactor,the GLS injected with resin solution in the cavity was treated.It was found that after a constant temperature of 70℃（4 h）,a bacterial like flagella structure grew on the surface of the GLS,which was more similar in morphology to the real bacterial flagella structure.Then,the design and construction of the GLS magnetic imparting and magnetic field manipulation system with a bionic flagella structure were carried out.Iron oxide nanoparticles（Fe₃O₄ NPs）were mixed with resin and injected into GLS.Bacterial like flagella structure was prepared based on microwave method.It was found that the particles were embedded in the flagellar like structure and could be manipulated by magnetic field.A magnetic field system based on orthogonal coils was designed and constructed,which was combined with an optical microscope for control observation.Finally,the potential application of GLS with magnetic bacterial flagella was explored.The structure was tested for cell viability and magnetic controlled movement experiments.At a concentration of 0.1 mg/ml,GLS loaded resin or magnetic properties had no effect on cell activity.The GLS with magnetic bacterial flagella was studied for trajectory control and targeted manipulation of liver cancer cells.The process of trajectory movement,single target distance from repositioning liver cancer cells,and proximity to attaching liver cancer cells is realized.The results showed that the GLS with multiple growth magnetic bacterial flagella could be flexibly manipulated using magnetic fields.The results of this study laid an experimental foundation for the preparation of micro/nano controllable robots based on natural materials.