Toxicology Of Amatoxin And Protective Effect Of Ganoderma Lucidum On Amatoxin-induced Liver Injury

The acute toxicity of Amanita fuliginea and Amanita exitialis was studied.The toxicological model ofα-amatoxin poisoning in mice was established.Meanwhile,the protective effects of the Ganoderma lucidum,silybin,vitamin C on Amatoxin-induced liver injury in mice were compared,and the therapeutic effect and anti-oxidation mechanism of Ganoderma lucidum on Amanita poisoning were discussed.The results are as followings:1.The results of the acute toxicity experiment showed that:LD₅₀ of Amanita fuliginea in mice is 112.25 mg /kg,95% confidence limit of 88.09 to 143.05mg/kg.LD₅₀ of Amanita exitialis in mice is 255.51 mg/kg,95%confidence limit of 196.88 to 331.59 mg/ kg.After toxin injection,the mice were unresponsive,fluffy hair back and slow action.In severe cases, their breathing were difficulties.Meanwhile the death of mice were anatomical observed,and it was find that the livers had no color,and sometimes there were punctate necrosis.2.A time-dose model ofα- amatoxin poisoning on liver injury in mice had been established.ALT and AST activity in serum was dose&time-dependent manner in toxic mice.With the previous 48 hours after toxin injection,the ALT and AST activity of theα- amanitin toxic mice were rising,and reached the climax in 48h.And both of the two activity showed a downward trend from 48h to 96h.The higher the dose,the increased activity the two indicators,which notes the extent of deep-poisoning in mice.The antioxidant activities in mice liver tissue ofα-amanitin poisoning were studied. Antioxidant activity of SOD and CAT,generally speaking,showed a downward trend within 0-92h.And in the dose,the higher dose had the lower activity.However,the accumulation of MDA in mice was irregular.3.The protective effects of the Ganoderma lucidum,silybin, vitamin C onα-amatoxin-induced liver injury in mice were compared,and the therapeutic effect and anti-oxidation mechanism of Ganoderma lucidum on Amanita poisoning were discussed.Compared with the normal control group,the changes of each indicator' s activity ofα-amanitin poisoning group were obvious toxic.By comparing ALT activity in serum, Ganoderma lucidum treatment group had a therapeutic effect, followed by silybin.But AST activity in serum after treated with three drugs was not changed significantly.Meanwhile,the activities of SOD,CAT and MDA in the mice liver tissue were determined.SOD andCAT activity indicated that Silybin had the strongest antioxidant capacity,followed by Ganoderma lucidum. But the value of MDA in amantoxin poisoning group was lower than the normal control group,while the value of MDA of the treatment group increased relative to amatoxin group,and the silybin treatment group was the highest.Compared with all the indicators activities of imantoxin poisoning group,V_C treatment group did not show significant changes.4.Ultrastructure of liver cells in mice of the normal control group,α-amatoxin poisoning group,Ganoderma lucidum treatment group were compared.The results showed that after treated with Ganoderma lucidum in mice,vacuolization of liver cells was disappeared,and the structures of nucleolus, mitochondria,endoplasmic reticulum were close to the lever of the normal control group.It was indicated that Ganoderma lucidum treatment could significantly reduce the damage of liver cell ultrastructure of amatoxin-induced liver injury in mice.