Response Of Soil Antibiotic Resistance Genes To Warming In Subtropical Forests

Climate warming has been listed as one of the main factors leading to the outbreak of global infectious diseases,the production of antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)may seriously affect the treatment of diseases with antibiotics.Therefore,climate warming and ARGs have an important impact on human health.Subtropical forest soils are not only an important repository of ARGs,it is also sensitive to climate warming.Climate warming will directly or indirectly affect ARGs by affecting soil physical and chemical properties and soil microbial communities in subtropical forests.Therefore,understanding the response of ARGs in subtropical forest soil to warming and its main influencing factors are of great significance.This study explored five years of simulated warming(+4℃),In the three sampling seasons(summer,autumn and winter),that factors affecting ARGs diversity and community structure in soils of plantation and natural forests and their responses to warming.The importance of temperature as the main driving factor of natural antibiotic resistance in soil was also emphasized.Research finds that:(1)Soil ARGs in subtropical plantations is not sensitive to warming,the number,relative abundance,composition,resistance mechanism and diversity of ARGs were significantly changed after warming treatment,but seasonal factors had a more significant effect on ARGs.Soil warming treatment in subtropical natural forests significantly changed the quantity and relative abundance of ARGs in a single season.The diversity of ARGs was more significantly affected by seasonal factors.(2)Some ARGs subtypes were significantly enriched after warming.Climate warming will lead to significant increases of specific ARGs(including spacN-01 、fox5、msrA-01、acrA-01、mexE、rarD-02、sulA/folP-01、aac、strA、blaCTX-M-01、blaOXY、mefA、acrF、sulA/folP-01、tetG-02).(3)The main influence factor of ARGs in subtropical forest soil is seasonal factors under the influence of global warming.Increasing temperature indirectly affects ARGs by changing the physical and chemical properties of soil.The change of microbial community and diversity is also an important factor.The change of bacterial community is the most important biological factor of ARGs.Soil physical and chemical properties also directly or indirectly affect ARGs,which is a major exogenous factor to change soil ARGs.ARGs was sensitive to the above factors in subtropical forest soil.These findings improved our understanding of the distribution and sensitivity of ARGs.ARGs are a new environmental pollutant which is sensitive to high temperature.This study can provide guidance for predicting the risk of antibiotic resistant pathogens in future climate change scenarios,and provide scientific theoretical guidance for better containment of the spread of antibiotic resistance.