Study On Suitable Habitat Selection And Landscape Pattern Of Jankowski’s Bunting In The Eastern Inner Mongolia Based On 3S Technique

Jankowski’s Bunting(Emberiza jankowskii)has a limited geographic distribution,found only in Russia,Korea,and the border region between eastern Inner Mongolia and Jilin,China.Currently,it primarily inhabits Zarud Banner and Arulqinqi in Inner Mongolia,and has been designated as an endangered species.Despite numerous studies on the Bunting,there remains a lack of comprehensive understanding regarding suitable breeding territories and habitat quality within each patch,beyond the primary study sites.This study aims to predict suitable habitats,partition habitat quality,and perform ecological risk assessments of the Bunting,utilizing 3S technology and previous field research,in order to develop effective habitat conservation plans and adaptive management strategies.The Maxent model was utilized to forecast the distribution of the Bunting in eastern Inner Mongolia,revealing significant environmental factors,including the driest monthly and seasonal rainfall,road distance,and type of land use.The Bunting resides in flat grasslands with high coverage,inhabiting habitat regions with minimal rain in dry periods and monthly temperature variations around 13℃.Ecologically meritorious territories for the Bunting were determined via the MSPA-MCR model and circuit theory,producing 108 vital corridors and 69 ecological nodes.In response to the analysis of land use and landscape pattern indices in the study area,grassland was encroached upon,with all-inclusive grassland areas decreasing and woodland,cultivated land,and unused land areas increasing between 2000 and 2020.The erosion and fracturing of grassland resulted in reduced proportions of included grassland composition,with increasing preset corridor widths resulting in insufficient connectivity and broadness of the grassland to provide effective ecological corridors for the Bunting.Risk assessment indicated the Bunting is highly vulnerable,easily disturbed through natural and human factors,due to the fragmentation of grassland and poor disturbance resistance.Based on the study’s outcomes,additional conservation areas should be established within Bunting breeding sites,as well as grasslands with similar climatic qualities,to safeguard and expand the Bunting population’s range.Farmland-tograssland and forest-to-grassland programs should be enacted,with sandy land and unused territories targeted for rehabilitation.To enable Bunting migration,artificial corridors crossing construction sites can be erected within the region,and unused land converted to grassland to regenerate the ecological corridors,combatting construction and cultivation on ecological corridors,and preserving the connectivity of the ecological corridors.