| Finding and expanding resources is one of the important research contents in the field of pharmacognosy.In this paper,traditional taxonomic methods and molecular systematics are combined to study the classification and pharmacognostic resources of Geastraceae fungi in China.The team investigated the basis for many years,and during the period from July 2020 to September 2022,I and my team members conducted field investigation and collection in Inner Mongolia,Jilin,Heilongjiang,Shanghai,Jiangsu,Zhejiang,Anhui,Hubei,Hunan,Guangdong,Guangxi,Hainan,Guizhou,Yunnan,Gansu,Jiangsu,Ningxia,Xinjiang,and other places.A total of 333 samples of Geastraceae fungi were obtained and stored in the Herbarium of Mycology of Jilin Agricultural University(HMJAU),and 30 specimens borrowed from Herbariuma.1.By observing the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of above 360 specimens,combined with molecular data,a total of 27 species of Geastraceae fungi were identified of the genus Geastrum and the genus Sphaerobolus,including : 1)Seven new species: Geastrum laneum T.Bau & Xin Wang(Jiangsu,Zhejiang,Anhui),G.litchi T.Bau & Xin Wang(Guangdong),G.microphole T.Bau & Xin Wang(Jilin),G.mongolicum T.Bau & Xin Wang(Inner Mongolia),G.melanorhynchum T.Bau & Xin Wang(Jilin),G.oxysepalum T.Bau & Xin Wang(Jilin),G.Pseudosaccatum T.Bau & Xin Wang(Jilin);2)Five species first new recorded in China: G.smardae V.J.Staněk(Jilin),G.dolomiticum Finy,Dima & V.Papp(Ningxia,Inner Mongolia),G.gorgonicum M.P.Martín,M.Due?as & Telleria(Inner Mongolia,Guizhou),G.rubellum P.-A.Moreau & C.Lécuru(Jilin);Sphaerobolus ingoldii Geml,D.D.Davis & Geiser(Jilin).Each species was described in detail,with field habitat photographs,and ink lines and provide the genus,species key.2.Using the maximum likelihood method(ML)based on the ITS+LSU double-gene fragments,jointly construct the phylogenetic framework of the Geastraceae fungi,the results prove that: 1)The Geastraceae are composed of the genus Geastrum and the genus Sphaerobolus,in line with traditional taxonomic views;2)The 27 species of genera Geastrum from China were identified,which were consistent with the morphological results,there are two suspected species.3.In the aspect of crude drug resources,the herbal textual research on the earth star shows that the earth star with medicinal effect recorded in the literature is now G.triplex Jungh.,G.pectinatum Pers.And Astraeus hygrometricus(Pers.)Morgan.At present,there are 7 kinds of medicinal fungi in the family Geastraceae,2 kinds of heat-clearing and blood-cooling drugs and 5 kinds of hemostatic drugs.4.The pharmacognosy and taxonomy of Geastraceae were studied from the aspects of traits,microscopy and molecular systematics.Whether the basidiomata has an peristomelring,stalk,collar,apophysis or encrusted with debris and peristome morphology,basidiospores ornamentation and capillitial hyphae characteristics as the basis for pharmacognosy identification.ITS and LSU sequence analysis were used as the basis for taxonomy,extracted DNA and using universal primers by DNA for the PCR amplification and the augmented product after purification for ITS and LSU sequencing to identify strains from molecular gene level and to explain the interspecific relationships and differences.Through a large number of field collections,specimen identification and phylogenetic framework construction,this thesis aims to objectively and truly reflect the species diversity of Geastraceae fungi,increase the natural distribution of fungi in this family,and lay a solid foundation for the development and utilization of crude drug resources.At the same time,based on the literature,a preliminary list of Geastraceae fungi with medicinal and ecological value was compiled to provide basic data for the medicinal resources of this family of fungi. |
