Study On The Selection Method Of Muddy Coastal Ecological Restoration Approaches

The muddy coastline is one of the most economically developed and densely populated areas in the world,thanks to its excellent conditions and abundant resources,but since the 21 st century,the combination of human activities and natural factors,coupled with accelerated urbanization and industrialization,has made the ecological environment of tidal flats increasingly vulnerable,affecting the sustainable development of the region.The ecological environment of tidal flats has become increasingly fragile due to a combination of human activities and natural factors that have affected the sustainable development of the region,creating an urgent need for effective ecological restoration.Marine ecological restoration based on the concept of multiple ecological restoration models is currently one of the most focused research areas,and sound ecological restoration approaches can provide scientific support for the effective development of ecological restoration of muddy coasts.The paper focuses on three restoration approaches: natural restoration,assisted restoration,and ecological reconstruction.Based on the basic ecological theory and the results of national and international research,the paper discusses the major theories related to model-based restoration and introduces the basic process of model-based restoration.The characteristics and evolution of muddy coasts,major ecological problems,and methods for assessing the ecological degradation of muddy coasts will be covered,providing a basis for scientific research on the selection of ecological restoration approaches.An approach selection method for ecological restoration of the muddy coast is proposed,and this method is applied to the practice of ecological restoration techniques around Yundanmen Island,Ningde,Fujian,providing a proven method for more efficient use of resources in ecological restoration work.A case study will first demonstrate the applicability of this restoration scheme.The findings and main conclusions of this thesis include:(1)A conceptual model for selecting ecosystem restoration approaches for muddy coasts was constructed from the two dimensions of threshold effect and development needs,and a method for selecting ecosystem restoration approaches was developed.The conceptual model for the selection of ecosystem restoration approaches was constructed based on the threshold effect of the model,and its theoretical basis was presented.In addition,a comparative analysis of the adaptive capacity and advantages and disadvantages of ecological restoration methods commonly used on muddy coasts is presented.(2)The established method of selecting ecosystem restoration approaches will be applied to tidal flats around Yundanmen Island to develop an ecosystem restoration plan and propose ecosystem restoration methods for each area.(3)Following the implementation of the project,in-depth monitoring and assessment of the effects of the natural restoration area was carried out five times over a total of two years,resulting in a significant increase in biodiversity(from 43 to 52 bird species and from several plant species to 103 species).A comparison of the data showed that before restoration,H′ = 1.56,J = 0.49,d = 0.85,and after restoration,H′ = 2.56,J = 0.55,d = 3.99,indicating a gradual recovery in biodiversity.The results also indicated that spatial and temporal heterogeneity is necessary for ecological restoration approach selection and adaptive management,and that appropriate selection of ecological restoration approaches can effectively improve the economic and social benefits of ecological restoration.(4)Synthesizing theoretical and case studies and the current progress of ecological restoration practices,it is pointed out that the existing muddy tidal flats outside the seawall are the focus of future ecological restoration and protection of muddy shores in China.