Study On The Improvement Effect Of Organic Materials On Soda-type Saline-alkali Soil

The limited amount of cultivated land and the improvement of a large amount of salinealkali land can provide land resources for the production of non-grain crops such as vegetables;Soda saline-alkali soil is the main saline-alkali soil type in Heilongjiang Province.In order to meet the needs of planting and development o f vegetables and other crops,it needs to be improved before application.The lack of organic matter is the main limiting factor for the improvement of this type of saline-alkali soil.Some studies have shown that applying appropriate amount of organic materials has good effect on its improvement.In the process of agricultural production in Heilongjiang Province,a large amount of organic waste materials can be used for the improvement of saline-alkali soil,but the specific technical measures are lack of systematic research.In order to improve the saline-alkali soil to protect the ecological environment,ensure the production of crops,and thus improve the output capacity and use value of saline-alkali soil,this study took the mixed fermentation(J)of corn straw and cow manure,fungus residue(M)and mushroom residue(D)as test materials,Three concentration gradient levels were set,and the volume ratio of the soil was 10%,30% and 50% respectively,hereinafter referred to as D10,D30,D50,J10,J30,J50,M10,M30 and M50,and added them to soda-type saline-alkali soil according to different proportions.The improvement effect of different treatments on alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.)were studied in pot simulation experiment.The main results of this study are as follows :(1)The experimental results of the improvement effect of different proportions of mushroom residue on soda-saline-alkali soil showed that D30 and D50 significantly reduced soil bulk density,significantly increased soil porosity,significantly reduced p H and EC,and D50 significantly increased the contents of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,available p Hosp Horus,available potassium and organic matter.In terms of plant growth,D10,D30 and D50 significantly increased the emergence rate,plant height,stem diameter,dry and fresh weight and G value of the plants,in the order of D50 >D30 > D10.(2)The results showed that J30,J50 and J30 had significant differences with the control group in soil bulk density,soil porosity,p H,alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,available p Hosp Horus and organic matter.In terms of plant growth,J10,J30 and J50 significantly improved plant emergence rate,plant height,stem diameter,dry and fresh weight and G value,among which J50 was significantly superior to J10 and J30,as follows: J50 >J30 > J10.(3)The results showed that M30 and M50 significantly reduced soil bulk density,p H and EC,and significantly increased soil porosity,alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,available p Hosp Horus,available potassium and organic matter.In terms of plant growth,fungus residue significantly increased the emergence rate,plant height,stem diameter,dry and fresh weight and G value of plants.The higher the application concentration,the better the improvement effect,which was as follows: M50 >M30 > M10.(4)In the comprehensive evaluation of the improvement of soda-saline-alkali soil by different proportions of organic materials,M50 treatment showed the most obvious performance in reducing soil bulk density,increasing porosity,reducing soil p H,and increasing soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen content,available p Hosp Horus content and organic matter content.However,J50 treatment showed the most obvious effect on increasing soil available K content,plant height,stem diameter,whole plant fresh weight,above ground fresh weight,underground fresh weight and dry weight of alfalfa.In the greening effect test,J50 was significantly higher than that of other treatments,and the greening rate showed an increasing trend with the increase of concentration,among which the difference between D30 and D50 was not significant,the difference between J30 and J50 was significant between straw materials,and the greening rate of fungus residue M was 0,which was presented as J50>D50>D30>J30>M50=M30.In conclusion,this study clarified that different proportions of organic materials can improve soda-saline-alkali soil and promote the growth of alfalfa.Among them,when the amount of mushroom residue,corn straw and cow manure mixed fermentation is more than30%,it can make alfalfa greening,and J50 has the best improvement effect.