Study On Electromagnet Design And Characteristics Of Deep-sea Hydraulic Reversing Valve

With the increasing demand for resource development in the deep-sea field and the escalating competition for control,the research and development of deep-sea hydraulic equipment has become a focus of attention.Hydraulic valve is one of the key components of deep-sea equipment,and its performance directly affects the normal operation of the system.The electromagnet in deep-sea hydraulic valves has the advantages of simple structure,low leakage,good sealing performance,and high reliability,and is the core control component to ensure the high-performance operation of hydraulic valves.The research on electromagnets for deep-sea hydraulic valves in China was relatively late,and the electromagnetic performance and reliability of electromagnets on the market are poor,mostly relying on imports.Moreover,due to the low pressure resistance of traditional hydraulic valves using electromagnets,if placed in a deep-sea environment,it is easy to encounter problems such as reduced electromagnetic force and internal armature jamming caused by highpressure deformation,resulting in the inability of deep-sea hydraulic valves to work.Therefore,the requirements for electromagnetic,temperature rise,and pressure resistance characteristics of electromagnets used in deep-sea valves are becoming increasingly high.This article designs a DC switch electromagnet for deep-sea hydraulic valves,which mainly works as follows:(1)We have conducted research on the structure and performance of domestic and foreign electromagnets,the characteristics of well-known brand electromagnets,and the current research status of related technologies.Based on the performance requirements of electromagnets used in deep-sea hydraulic valves,the design of the electromagnet requires an initial electromagnetic force of 120 N and a working stroke of 2.5mm,meeting the temperature rise requirement of the electromagnetic coil not exceeding 85 ℃ and improving pressure resistance and sealing performance.Under this requirement,the size calculation of the electromagnet parameters was carried out,and the electromagnetic field analysis of the designed electromagnet structure was carried out based on Kirchhoff and electromagnetic field theory.Finally,the pressure resistance and sealing design of the electromagnet for deep-sea hydraulic valves were carried out from the aspects of environmental pressure compensation,electromagnet structure innovation,and sealing materials.(2)Maxwell was used to carry out finite element simulation on the static and dynamic characteristics of the electromagnet.The effects of the changes of working air gap,armature,electromagnetic coil,static iron core and voltage on the electromagnetic wire closure,electromagnetic induction intensity distribution and electromagnetic force travel characteristics of the electromagnet were investigated,And the orthogonal experimental method was used to optimize the primary and secondary parameters of the three parameters.The optimized electromagnetic initial force of the electromagnet is 128 N,and the electromagnetic holding force within the working stroke is greater than 40 N,meeting the electromagnetic characteristics requirements.(3)On the basis of magnetic simulation,magnetic thermal solid coupling simulation was conducted on the electromagnet used in deep-sea hydraulic valves using Ansys Workbench,exploring the effects of coil temperature rise,thermal stress,and deep-sea high pressure on the structural deformation of the electromagnet.The result shows that the temperature rise of the electromagnetic coil follows a pattern of high in the middle and low on both sides,and as the sea depth increases,the low temperature of seawater helps the electromagnet dissipate heat,resulting in a decrease in the temperature rise of the coil.The stress-strain changes of the armature sleeve and coil skeleton with different sea depths and materials were obtained.After electromagnetic simulation of the radial gap between the sleeve and the armature and the deformation generated by the coil skeleton,it was found that the electromagnetic initial force and electromagnetic retention force were reduced by 5.25% and 4.61%,respectively,meeting the performance requirements of deep-sea electromagnetic working conditions.(4)Taking the minimum volume of the electromagnet as the goal,the volume optimization of the electromagnet for deep-sea hydraulic valves was carried out using Matlab.The optimized volume decreased by 14.6% compared to before,and the pressure resistance was better.A prototype of the electromagnet was processed according to the optimized parameters,and a test bench was designed and built to test the static and dynamic characteristics of the electromagnet.Static,dynamic,and coil temperature rise tests were conducted,respectively.Compared with the simulation results,the electromagnetic characteristics of the electromagnet did not decrease significantly after the temperature rise,which is a theoretical reference for the upgrading of the electromagnet prototype and the national production.