| Complex electromagnetic field effects are induced during transport and diffusion of ions inside and outside of the membrane of biological neurons.The interaction of electromagnetic field energy has an important effect on the firing modes of neurons.The equivalent nonlinear circuit can be designed from a physical point of view,and the physical process and effect of neuronal electrical activity are considered.The circuits after scaling transformation can express the specific functions of neurons and reveal the regulatory mechanism of energy flow on neuronal electrical activity and synaptic controllability.For example,when a photoelectric tube is embedded in to a neuron circuit,it can sense the changes of externa l illumination,and a neuron circuit connecting with the piezoelectric ceramic can express the perception of sound waves.Memristors and Josephson junctions can be embedded in neuronal circuits to perceive changes in external magnetic fields.From the phys ical point of view,the process of external electromagnetic stimulation on neurons is the process of energy injection and energy encoding.Furthermore,the migration of discharge modes occurs during the process of parameter variations induced by energy absorbing and accumulating.Therefore,it is of great significance to reveal the regulation mechanism of energy flow in the process of neuronal electrical activity and the formation of heterogeneity and defects in neural networks.The specific research contents include:(1)Dynamics and energy characteristics of photosensitive and piezoelectric neurons.A photosensitive circuit and a piezoelectric neuron circuit are obtained by embedding a phototube and a piezoelectric ceramic into a branch of a class of nonlinear circuits.The corresponding circuit equations and Hamilton energy are obtained by Kirchhoff’s theorem,and the equivalent neuron model and Hamiltonian energy function are obtained after scaling transformation.And the correctness of Hamiltonian energy function is verified by Helmholtz’s theorem.The bifurcation analysis of a single neuron model is carried out to discuss the conditions of stochastic resonance and coherent resonance induced by random stimuli and energy evolution inside.The Hamiltonian energy of neuron is lower in chaotic,but higher in periodic.When neurons are stimulated by multiple signals at the same time,the signal with higher energy plays a critical role in the selection of the response mode.(2)Adaptive regulation of energy flow on synchronization between neurons.Each biological neuron contains certain electromagnetic field energy,corresponding to the electric field energy and magnetic field energy in the neuron circuit.When two or more neurons gather,the energy diversity induces flexible synaptic connections to achieve energy balance,and the energy diversity controls the increase of synaptic strength.When two neurons reach energy balance,the coupling strength between them will stop increasing.The complete synchronization for identical neurons and phase synchronization or phase locking for parameter-mismatched neurons can be achieved.The results explain the physical mechanism of synaptic adaptability and controllability as energy flow effectively controls the synaptic s trength and synchronization between neurons.(3)The formation mechanism of heterogeneity and defect in neural networks.Vast of neurons in the nervous system gather together accompanying with the superposition of electromagnetic fields and the diffusion and transmission of energy.The external stimulation and the asymmetric distribution of energy induce the accumulation of energy in the medium and the neural network,which leads to the deformation of the medium and the jump of some physical parameters.In the chain network and two-dimensional lattice network,the coupling strength is controlled by the energy difference of adjacent neurons.When energy gradient in the local region of the network exceeds a certain critical value,a leaping change occurs in some parameters of the neurons,thus inducing a heterogeneous region to control the transmission of the traveling wave.If the energy value in neurons of local area is less than that of adjacent area,the defect will be induced,and some parameters of neuro ns will be changed,and traveling wave will be blocked.The r esults reveal how the energy of biological neurons regulate the parameters and firing patters of neurons from the physical point of view.And it is verified that the coexistence of multiple discharge modes is induced by local energy balance,which partly prevents the occurrence of burst synchronization and epilepsy. |
