| Saline-alkali land is an important reserve cultivated land resource in our country.It is very important to carry out research on high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation technology of wheat in saline-alkali land for improving wheat productivity and ensuring national food security.Soil conditioner can improve soil quality and promote high yield and efficient production of wheat in coastal saline-alkali land,but different types of conditioner have different effects on soil improvement and yield increase.Reasonable nitrogen application can increase soil nitrogen supply,reduce soil p H value and salt content,and alleviate salt and alkali stress,but the current research mainly focuses on pot cultivation,hydroponics or wheat seedlings.This study was conducted in Xiaobotou Town,Wudi County,Binzhou City during the 2021-2022 wheat season.The winter wheat varieties Shannong 22（SN22）and Taimai 198（TM198）were used as test varieties.Different types of conditioner were set up（CK:no conditioner was used;T1:silicon calcium potassium magnesium type conditioner;T2:compound modified zeolite conditioner;T3:modified polymer modifier）and nitrogen application(N0:0 kg hm-2;N180:180 kg hm-2;N225:225 kg hm-2;N 270:270 kg hm-2)interaction experiment was conducted to study the effects of soil conditioner and nitrogen application rate on wheat yield and nitrogen use efficiency in saline-alkali coastal land.The main research results are as follows:1.Effects of soil conditioner and nitrogen application on yield and yield components of winter wheatThe interaction between soil conditioner and nitrogen application significantly affected winter wheat yield.The yield of nitrogen treatment was significantly higher than that of no nitrogen treatment,and increased first and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate.Under T0,T1 and T2 treatment,the yield of N225 treatment was the highest,while under T3 treatment,the yield of N180 and N225 treatment was the highest,but there was no significant difference between treatments.Compared with no application of conditioner,the application of conditioner significantly increased wheat yield.The average increase of T1,T2and T3 conditioner was 8.10%,7.66%and 15.57%,respectively,and the average increase of Taimai 198 was 5.97%,6.72%and 14.95%,respectively,and the increase of T3 conditioner was the highest.T3 conditioner had the highest yield at 180～225 kg hm-2,which increased by20.52%（Shnong 22）and 17.48%（Taimai 198）compared with no conditioner.In terms of yield components,panicle number per unit area increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate,but 1000-grain weight decreased.The number of ear treated with conditioner was higher than that without conditioner.In conclusion,the increase of wheat yield in coastal saline-alkali land was mainly due to the increase of panicle number per unit area.The increase of ear number per unit area was the main reason for the increase of the application of conditioner.At the same time,compared with the corresponding nitrogen treatments under T0,the highest yield of nitrogen treatments was also related to the increase of grain number per ear.The increase of ear number per unit area after N or conditioner application was mainly due to the increase of stem number of maximum population in spring.2.Effects of soil conditioner and nitrogen application rate on nitrogen use efficiency（NUE）of winter wheatThe interaction between soil conditioner and nitrogen application significantly affected nitrogen uptake and utilization of winter wheat in saline-alkali coastal land.The N uptake efficiency of wheat decreased gradually with the increase of N application rate,and N270 was the lowest.Adding conditioner could effectively improve nitrogen absorption efficiency of winter wheat,and T3 conditioner had the most significant effect.With the increase of N application rate,the decrease of N harvest index and the increase of N content decreased the N use efficiency.Under the same nitrogen fertilizer treatment,there was no significant difference in grain nitrogen content and nitrogen harvest index,and no significant difference in nitrogen use efficiency.The N use efficiency of wheat decreased significantly with the increase of N application rate,but soil conditioner could improve the N use efficiency of wheat,and T3 conditioner was the most significant.With T3 conditioner treated with N0,N180,N225 and N270,the increases of Shannong 22 and Taimai 198 were 18.88%,24.03%,21.90%and 11.35%,respectively,and18.44%,20.15%,16.85%and 12.25%,respectively.The main reason was that the application of soil conditioner increased the above-ground nitrogen accumulation and improved the nitrogen absorption efficiency.Except for N0 treatment,T3 and N180 treatment combination had the highest N use efficiency.3.Effects of soil conditioner and nitrogen application rate on nitrogen partial productivity（NPFP）,nitrogen agronomic efficiency（NAE）,nitrogen recovery efficiency（NRE）and nitrogen physiological utilization rate（NPE）of winter wheatThe nitrogen partial productivity of wheat decreased significantly with the increase of nitrogen application rate,and N270 was the lowest.The nitrogen partial productivity of wheat was significantly increased by adding conditioner under each nitrogen fertilizer treatment,and T3 was the highest.The N partial productivity of winter wheat was the highest in T3 and N180treatments.With the increase of nitrogen application rate,the nitrogen agronomic efficiency first increased and then decreased under the treatment of T0,T1 and T2,and N225 was the highest,while the nitrogen agronomic efficiency under the treatment of T3 was decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate.N180 and N225 increased the nitrogen fertilizer agronomic efficiency of wheat,and T3 increased the most.N270 had no significant effect on the nitrogen fertilizer agronomic efficiency.Among all treatments,T3 and N180 combined nitrogen fertilizer had the highest agronomic efficiency.With the increase of nitrogen application rate,the nitrogen recovery efficiency under the treatment of T0,T1 and T2 was firstly increased and then decreased,and N225 was the highest.The nitrogen recovery efficiency under the treatment of T3 was decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate.The nitrogen recovery efficiency of wheat was significantly improved by adding conditioner under each nitrogen fertilizer treatment,and T3 conditioner had the highest improvement.The N recovery efficiency of T3 and N180 treatments was the highest.With the increase of nitrogen application rate,the physiological nitrogen utilization rate of T0,T1 and T2 was firstly increased and then decreased,and N225 was the highest.The physiological nitrogen utilization rate of T3 was decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate.N180 and N225 increased the nitrogen physiological utilization rate of wheat,and T3 had the highest increase.N270 had no significant effect on the nitrogen physiological utilization rate.Among all treatments,T3 and N180 combined treatments had the highest physiological nitrogen utilization rate.Considering the yield and nitrogen absorption and utilization,the high yield and high efficiency of wheat could be achieved in the coastal saline-alkali land under the condition of conditioner T3 and fertilizer application of 180 kg hm-2. |
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