Research On The Construction And Optimization Of Landscape Ecological Network In Pingshuo Mining Area

My country is a big coal country,and open-pit coal mines occupy an extremely important position.Due to the complex and diverse production environment in the mining area,the ecological environment is extremely fragile.Coal mining has greatly affected the landscape ecology of the mining area,resulting in changes in the landscape structure of the mining area,a significant decline in ecological quality,aggravated the fragmentation of the landscape,and disturbed the living space of species.The current mining area focuses on the improvement of water resources,soil and vegetation,and there are few studies on the ecological network of mine landscape.At this stage,the research on green mines and ecological mines is gradually rising,which is a big challenge for the mine-related landscape ecological restoration work,and the construction of a complete landscape planning network system is also of practical significance for restoring the ecological balance of mines.Landscape ecological network design based on optimizing landscape pattern and improving landscape function can promote the balance of ecological process,provide a good ecological environment for species,maintain ecological stability,and promote the sustainable development of mining areas.Provide reference for protection and planning.Based on this,this study takes the Pingshuo mining area,a large open-pit mining area,as an example.First of all,combined with the land use and landscape pattern of the mining area,the spatial change law of the landscape ecological risk in the mining area in the past 30 years was discussed in depth;secondly,the ecological source of the mining area was identified by using the morphological spatial analysis(MSPA)and the minimum cumulative model(MCR)Ground and ecological resistance surfaces,combined with circuit theory and Linkage Mapper software to extract ecological corridors and ecological nodes in mining areas;then,based on the gravity model and the minimum cumulative cost distance to provide priority construction strategies for the construction of ecological corridors,and use topology and robust Finally,based on the landscape ecological risk assessment and the minimum cumulative resistance surface,the ecological protection area is divided and corresponding strategies are proposed.The main conclusions of the study are as follows:(1)The main land types in the Pingshuo mining area are grassland and cultivated land.However,with the continuous expansion of mining intensity and the continuous interference of human activities,the area of grassland and cultivated land in the mining area shows a downward trend,and the area of industrial land,urban land,and mining land increases year by year.,the types of land use in mining areas are gradually dispersed.The patch density in the study area is increasing year by year,the fragmentation is serious,the landscape connectivity is declining,and the irregular patch types are becoming more and more serious.The spatial difference of landscape ecological risk in mining areas is significant.In the past30 years,landscape ecological risk has been mainly low,medium and high.The high-risk areas in mining areas have gradually expanded to the northeast.The level of ecological risk has risen.(2)In terms of ecological source selection,core area patches were selected as backup ecological source based on MSPA,and the distance threshold of landscape connectivity was set to 1100 m.Confer software was used to select the top 30 based on the landscape connectivity index.The core area is regarded as the ecological source.When constructing the resistance surface,eight resistance factors were selected from the aspects of human factors,natural geography and landscape pattern,and the minimum accumulation model was used to construct the ecological resistance surface.Then,based on circuit theory,Linkage Mapper was used to identify 69 ecological corridors in the area,and 34 ecological nodes and 19 ecological obstacle points were extracted at the same time.The overall distribution is more complicated and chaotic,and it needs to be optimized.(3)The article combines the minimum cumulative cost distance and the gravity model to extract important ecological corridors,and divides the ecological corridors of the mining area into inner source corridors,outer source corridors,inner and outer source connection corridors,important corridors and Across five categories of urban land.Due to the low stability and low interconnectivity of the overall structure of the ecological network in the mining area,this article based on the complex network,according to the strategies of low degree priority and low betweenness priority,the regional ecological network is added,and the structure and function of the network before and after optimization are compared As well as robustness changes,the results show that both strategies are beneficial to maintain network stability and improve landscape connectivity.Finally,based on the landscape ecological risk assessment results and the minimum cumulative resistance surface of the Pingshuo mining area,according to the idea of zoning management and control,the research area is divided into ecological conservation areas,ecological expansion areas,optimized buffer zones,and ecological protection areas,and put forward proposals for each area.Relevant development guidance and control development strategies.