Construction Of Ecological Network Of Towns Based On MSPA And MCR Models

This study takes Inner Mongolia Tumertzuo Banner as the study area and makes certain innovations in the ecological planning and construction of towns under the county scale in Inner Mongolia.Two phases of satellite remote sensing image data from 2000 and 2018 are used as the basic data sources for the study,and the landscape pattern analysis method is used to explore the ecological and environmental problems in the urban development and construction of the study area in the past two decades;the distribution characteristics of sensitive areas in the study area are clarified through the land use ecological sensitivity evaluation grading;the morphological spatial pattern analysis(MSPA)method and the minimum cumulative resistance(MCR)The ecological network of the study area was constructed by using the Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis(MSPA)method and the Minimum Cumulative Resistance(MCR)model,and relevant ecological network optimization strategies were proposed.The results show that.(1)During the development process of urbanization from 2000 to 2018,Tumertzuo Banner ignored the connection between both urban construction space and natural ecological space,with prominent human-land conflicts and ecological environment in need of protection and restoration.The landscape patches are weakly aggregated in spatial distribution,the area of each ecological patch is reduced but the number increases,fragmentation is serious and the degree of dispersion is high;disturbed by human construction activities,the degree of irregularity and fragmentation of patches is increased and unevenly distributed,and landscape heterogeneity is reduced.(2)The highly sensitive areas in Tumertzuo Banner are concentrated in the higher elevation and higher vegetation coverage areas in the mountainous area of Daqing Mountain,and show a trend of decreasing from north to south;the area of non-sensitive areas accounts for 45.42%,the area of low sensitive areas accounts for 25.53%,the area of medium sensitive areas accounts for 15.78%,and the area of highly sensitive areas accounts for 13.27%.In the future ecological planning and construction,the inherent natural background of the region should be retained to the maximum extent to prevent the disorderly spread of construction land.(3)Based on the MSPA method and MCR model,11 ecological source areas and 65 ecological corridors were calculated and analyzed in Tumertzuo Banner,including 21 important corridors and 44 general corridors,which were mainly distributed in the north and south of Tumertzuo Banner.It is found that the spatial distribution of ecological corridors in the Tumertzuo Banner is uneven,the degree of connection between corridors and source areas is relatively fragile,and the ecological network needs to be optimized and strengthened.(4)By adding seven ecological source sites,55 new ecological corridors were calculated,and the total number of ecological networks in Tumertzuo Banner is now 120 ecological corridors.The optimized ecological network shows the basic framework of an"interwoven network,multiple corridors,and multiple points".The optimized ecological network structure indices are α index:3.20,βindex:6.67,and γ index:2.50,which indicate that the optimized ecological network structure indices of Tumertzuo Banner are significantly improved compared with those before the optimization,and the regional ecological network structure is optimized.(5)By comparing different corridor construction widths with the area and proportion of each land-use type in Tumertzuo Banner,the results show that the construction width of the ecological corridor network in Tumertzuo Banner is 50 m,which is more suitable.In the future ecological planning of relevant departments,attention should be paid to ecological protection and restoration;there are 118 ecological fracture points in Tumertzuo Banner,with 47,49,and 22 primary fracture points,secondary fracture points,and tertiary fracture points respectively;they are concentrated in the arable land distributed along both sides of the railroad and the north side of Hassushai Wetland Reserve,and in the future environmental protection planning,attention should be paid to both sides of the road.In future environmental protection planning,emphasis should be placed on the planting and maintenance of protective forests and slope vegetation on both sides of the road,as well as the construction of greenways under bridges or viaducts at ecological rupture points to provide channels for species migration and energy flow.The final layout of the ecological network of Tumertzuo Banner is based on the results of the preliminary study,which shows a basic network layout of "one ring,two horizontal,three vertical and multiple points".