| In the past,the study of the history of astronomy in the Ming Dynasty often focused on official astronomical works,such as the Huihui Calendar and Datong Calendar.For the study of folk astronomy,it also focused on Zhu Zaiyu’s Shengshou Wannian Calendar and Lv li Rongtong,Xing Yunlu’s Gujin Lvli kao and other professional works,while some of the insufficient "professional" astronomical works in the middle and late Ming Dynasty were relatively neglected.However,this is not sufficient to study the dissemination of astronomical knowledge at the social level in the Ming Dynasty.In fact,those ordinary Confucian scholars who have not systematically studied the astronomical calendar and have no access to the education of official astronomical institutions also deserve academic attention for their sources of astronomical knowledge and bibliography.Dai Tinghuai(戴庭槐),who is discussed in this paper,happens to be a representative of such groups.Dai Tinghuai,a grassroots Confucian official in the middle and late Ming Dynasty,wrote Ge Jie Zhiyan(革节卮言).Compared with the astronomical works of the same period,this book didn’t specifically focus calendar and calculation questions;compared with the contemporary literary sketches,this book had a relatively systematic collation of astronomical knowledge.The study of such a book is helpful to understand the astronomical knowledge of general Confucian scholars in the middle and late Ming Dynasty.At the same time,through the analysis of the whole book,it can be seen that the Ge Jie Zhiyan is a work written for conforming the mutual relation of Yi and canledar.However,the contents in this book are mainly set around the civil calendar in Ming dynasty,which can be regarded as a monograph to explain civil calendar.Although Dai Tinghuai criticized the avoidance in the civil calendar,it can be seen from his discussion that the content in the civil calendar is the knowledge that can be mutually verified with the Ge and Jie symbols,which represents the heavenly way that can be consistent with the Yi and becomes the fundamental motivation for his writing.This writing motivation also reflects the influence of civil calendar on the knowledge of scholars in the middle and late Ming Dynasty.On the basis of previous studies,this paper will focus on the above questions.Combined with the old and new historical materials,using the method of literature research,some new progress about Dai Tinghuai’s life,the source of his astronomical knowledge and the relation between Ge Jie Zhiyan and the civil calendar was made in this paper.Firstly,this paper sorts out Dai Tinghuai’s life,writings and social interactions.There is not much materials about Dai Tinghuai’s life,mainly concentrated in the local records and preserved poetry.This paper carefully combed the above materials,trying to sort out the most complete personal life situation about Dai Tinghuai.Secondly,this paper systematically sorted out the sources of knowledge in the whole book of the Ge Jie Zhiyan.Through combing all the citation contents of Ge Jie Zhiyan,this paper tries to restore the knowledge system of the whole book in detail.The exploration of the source of knowledge is helpful to analyze the traditional astronomical knowledge system of the ordinary Confucian scholars in the middle and late Ming Dynasty.The exploration of this issue also helps to research the writing motivation of contemporary folk astronomy works.Thirdly,this paper analyzes the calendar,phenology and calendarical annotation in the Ge Jie Zhiyan,and finds that the book is closely related to the civil calendar.Dai Tinghuai divided the whole book into three parts:calendar,phenology and calendarical annotation.The above knowledge can be found in the civil calendar of the Ming Dynasty.The Ge Jie Zhiyan basically suits the general needs of Confucian scholars and agricultural producers for the knowledge of civil calendar. |
