High-altitude Environmental Adaptation Of Allactaga Sibirica Based On Heart,Lung And Kidney Transcriptome

The five-toed jerboa(Allactaga sibirica)is the most widely distributed jerboa in my country.Its distribution area can be extended to grasslands,deserts,gobi,and even in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to an altitude of more than 4000 m.In order to explore the changes in environmental adaptation of jerboa at the transcriptional level at high and low altitudes,In this thesis,the five-toed jerboa distributed in Maduo County,Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture,Qinghai Province(4229 m above sea level,high-altitude experimental group)and Zhuolu County,Hebei Province(498 m above sea level,low-altitude control group)were used as research objects,12 samples were collected for each study,Transcriptome sequencing of the heart,lung,and kidney tissues was performed to obtain differentially expressed genes,and GO,KEGG and protein interaction analysis of differentially expressed genes were performed.The main results are as follows:(1)Comparative transcriptomics screened out the differentially expressed genes in the heart,lung and kidney tissues of the five-toed jerboa at different altitudes.Among them,1734 differentially expressed genes were obtained from lung tissue,1445 differentially expressed genes were obtained from kidney tissue,and 1225 differentially expressed genes were obtained from heart tissue.It can be seen that the difference of mRNA transcription in lung is larger than that in kidney and heart.It shows that the lung is more sensitive to the high altitude environment,and after long-term survival adaptation,it shows the most differential genes.(2)The GO and KEGG functional enrichment analysis of the heart tissue transcriptome data of the five-toed jerboa at high and low altitudes found that: In the heart,up-regulated genes were significantly enriched in lipid metabolism-related pathways,while down-regulated genes were specifically enriched in mitochondria-related oxidative phosphorylation pathways.This indicated that during the process of high altitude adaptation,lipid metabolism in the heart tissue may be an optimal strategy for providing energy and responding to chronic cold stress in the high altitude jerboa during the adaptation process.(3)The GO and KEGG functional enrichment analysis of the transcriptome data of the high-and low-altitude five-toed jerboa’s lung tissue found that: Up-regulated genes in lung tissue are mainly enriched in immune-related functional pathways such as redox reactions,heme,complement and coagulation cascade,while down-regulated genes are mainly enriched in disease-related pathways.It shows that the high-altitude five-toed jerboa can combine with oxygen through redox,heme and other pathways in the lungs to keep the lungs ventilated.Second,the high-altitude five-toed jerboa had a more active immune system,and these changes would help fight infection and disease,as well as help the body defend and repair damage caused by hypobaric hypoxia,intense radiation,and cold.(4)The GO and KEGG functional enrichment analysis of the kidney tissue transcriptome data of the five-toed jerboa at high and low altitudes found that: In the kidney,the pathways related to fatty acid metabolism and immunity were also significantly up-regulated,significantly down-regulated associated with mitochondria,and the arachidonic acid,glutathione,and steroid pathways were significantly enriched.This suggests that the immune system of the high-altitude five-toed jerboa is more active,and these changes will help fight infection and disease,and its components play an important role in altitude adaptation.(5)Three tissue differentially expressed genes and protein interaction analysis to obtain key genes,Heart: OASL,MRPS7,RPS3 A,RPS9,RANBP2;Lung: ALB,APOB,F2,FGA,APOA4;Kidney: ISG15,FN1,OASL,IFIT3,RPL19,these genes may become important core genes related to high altitude environment adaptation of the five-toed jerboa.