Study On Outdoor Microclimate Adaptation Improvement Strategy Of Coastal Residential Forms In Shantou City

With the acceleration of urbanization,global climate change is becoming more and more serious,which arouses people’s attention to the climate adaptability of urban settlements.Shantou is the only city with inner bay in China.Due to its unique coastal environment and building layout,the outdoor microclimate of the residential areas along the inner bay is complicated.This paper aims to study the relationship between coastal residential forms and outdoor microclimate in the inner bay,explore spatial response strategies to improve the outdoor microclimate of coastal residential areas,improve the utilization of the humidification and cooling effect of sea breeze,effectively alleviate the urban heat island effect,and provide theoretical guidance for the design of coastal residential areas.Firstly,the spatial morphology of 100 residential areas in Shantou city was investigated by combining satellite images and field survey,and the building layout types and spatial distribution characteristics of coastal residential areas in inner bay were analyzed.Taking a residential area named Jingang in Shantou as the research object,the field measurements and ENVI-met software were used to modeling and simulate the outdoor thermal environment.Taking air temperature,relative humidity and wind speed as evaluation indexes,this paper verified and analyzed the distribution of outdoor microclimate in coastal areas of Shantou inner bay,and summarized the distribution characteristics of outdoor microclimate in coastal residential areas of inner bay.Secondly,an idealized model of "inner bay--high-rise residential area--Multistorey residential area" with Shantou characteristics was established.Envi-met software was used to simulate the distribution of outdoor microclimate under different building layouts in high-rise residential area,and the relationship between building layout and outdoor microclimate was compared and analyzed.The results show that the inner bay has obvious humidification and cooling effect,and the influence range of humidification and cooling effect is related to the layout of coastal residential buildings.1)When the high-rise residential area adopts the determinant building layout,the staggered arrangement of the building gables can better improve the outdoor microclimate environment of the high-rise and multi-storey residential area,but it will weaken the wind speed inside the multi-storey residential area to a certain extent.2)The outdoor microclimate environment of the coastal residential area is poor when the high-rise residential area adopts enclosed buildings layout.3)When the high-rise residential area adopts point group layout,the outdoor microclimate environment of coastal residential area is the best.Staggered arrangement of buildings can avoid excessive wind speed in local areas.4)When the high-rise residential area adopts the mixed layout,it is suggested to use the horizontal mixed layout to change the width of the ventilation corridor in the residential area and optimize the outdoor microclimate of the whole residential area.Finally,the thermal environment optimization strategy is proposed for the layout and form of high-rise residential buildings,and the actual case application is carried out.The optimization strategies include: Reducing the continuous podiums on both east and west sides;Avoiding the front and rear buildings are completely aligned;Using point structure to partially or completely replace plate structure;Raising the ground floor of the building;Reducing building windward width.The results show that the improvement effect of outdoor microclimate environment in high-rise residential area is much better than that in multi-storey residential area after the above optimization measures are carried out,indicating that the change of high-rise residential area layout has limited influence on outdoor microclimate in the multi-storey residential area in the back row.Therefore,in the coastal urban design,we should avoid the layout of high-rise residential areas in the first row along the coast.