Research On Job Accessibility And Its Equity Of Urban Transport Based On Multi-source Spatiotemporal Data

High-quality urban development must solve the problem of coordination between transportation planning and urban planning.Accessibility includes several elements such as transportation and land use and is an important theoretical tool for tackling the problems of integrated development of transportation and cities such as separation of jobs and workers and excessive commuting.Research based on job accessibility and its equity is conducive to understanding the complex spatial patterns between jobs and workers and innovating the mechanism of matching them,which is the key to building sustainable cities.Existing studies overly rely on statistical data and survey data at the administrative unit level,which is difficult to meet refined planning needs.At the same time,little attention has been paid to the full travel chain and travel costs.Given this,we study the evaluation method of job accessibility and its equity of urban transportation by using multi-source spatiotemporal data such as AFC data,route planning data,POI data,and fine-grained population data.We analyze the job accessibility and equity of urban rail transit,public transportation,and private car based on the case of Beijing.The findings are of reference value for adjusting the employment pattern,improving the housing supply system,and optimizing the allocation of transportation resources.The main work and innovations are summarized as follows.(1)Using AFC data to obtain travel data between stations,combined with the route planning data from the station to its job-related POIs and residential neighborhoods,a two-step floating catchment area method based on the full travel chain is constructed to study the distribution characteristics of job accessibility of urban rail transit.Then,a multiscale geographically weighted regression model is proposed to study the dependent relationship between job accessibility and factors of the built environment.The results show that the job accessibility is decreasing from the center to the periphery,with local polycentric clustering and continuous corridor distribution characteristics.Transport accessibility has a significant impact on job accessibility,so employment opportunities should be allocated to stations with good transport accessibility.(2)A two-step floating catchment area method considering travel cost is proposed to analyze the job accessibility characteristics of different modes and the differentiated impact of travel cost by using one-kilometer grid-level route planning data of transit and car.The results show that job accessibility is sensitive to the travel cost,and the accessibility of public transportation and private car decreases by 3.7% and 8.5% on average after considering it,and the impact decreases as the travel cost threshold gets higher.The traditional method would underestimate the job accessibility of subdistricts along subway lines between the 5th and 6th ring road,and the new approach can better identify the social value of TOD.(3)Applying fine-grained housing price data and GDP data to classify the study units,the equity characteristics of job accessibility by urban rail transit,public transportation,and private car were analyzed based on the Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient.The results show that regions with low housing prices and GDP not only have a low proportion of job accessibility but also are more inequitable when considering the distribution of job accessibility within them.The Gini coefficient of public transportation and private car is 0.53 and 0.25,respectively,indicating that the equity problem is more serious for transit.The consideration of full travel chain and travel cost has different effects on the equity of various modes and areas.