Study On The Construction Wisdom Of Microclimate Adaptability Of Traditional Villages In River Valleys Of The Loess Plateau

Traditional villages on the Loess Plateau are the product of human adaptation to the climate and environment.In order to resist the harsh climate and environmental conditions,local residents have selected sites,laid out and built them in a targeted manner,combined with the characteristics of the local climate and environment,created architectural forms with local characteristics,and gradually formed today’s traditional villages through continuous inheritance and development.The climate conditions of the Loess Plateau are unique,and the relevant construction traditions and layout developed and evolved on this basis are the spatial concrete expression of the response to the regional climate conditions of the Loess Plateau.This paper takes zhenjiawan village,a typical river valley traditional village,as a specific research case,and explores the relevant construction traditions in the village to adapt to the local climate conditions from the perspective of landscape architecture.Under the condition that the human settlements are generally lack of corresponding mechanical environmental control,the traditional villages actively use the limited resource conditions and form a positive response to the construction of microclimate in the human settlements.Starting from the practical problems of the development of traditional villages,combined with the perspective of discipline,this paper first makes a relevant interpretation of microclimate adaptability through relevant literature,combined with relevant basic theories and the environmental characteristics of the research object,and reasonably puts forward the impact of construction tradition on microclimate factors with reference to previous studies;On this basis,with the help of existing technical means,the proposed viewpoint of construction tradition on the impact of microclimate factors is simulated and verified;Then,through the investigation and observation of the field microclimate factor data,further demonstrate the simulation results,compare and analyze the difference between the measured data and the simulated data,and explain the specific situation of the impact of the construction tradition on the microclimate factor in combination with the simulated and measured data;Finally,the traditional construction mode suitable for the local microclimate environment is further derived,which provides ideas for the planning and design of the regional human settlement site environment suitable for the microclimate.This paper fully combines the previous research basis and discipline perspective,combined with thermal comfort theory and thermal adaptation theory,extracts four microclimate factors of wind,sunshine,temperature and relative humidity through the existing thermal comfort evaluation indexes,and makes corresponding evaluation on the comfort conditions of each factor in combination with relevant literature and the discipline and regional background of this study,The evaluation index of microclimate factors in the Loess Plateau of Northern Shaanxi from the perspective of landscape architecture has been preliminarily formed.For the research site,interpret the research object from the aspects of nature,society,history and culture,sort out the layout characteristics of natural elements(mountains,water,forests and fields)and non natural elements(village layout,street layout and courtyard layout)that affect the microclimate adaptability,and simulate the microclimate factors affected by the layout characteristics with the help of relevant technical means,Then,the simulation results are empirically verified through field investigation and observation to verify the effectiveness of the construction tradition for the construction of residential space with microclimate adaptability.Combined with the evaluation indicators of the above microclimate factors,it is found that under the background of relatively hot environment in summer,the microclimate regulation should be considered from the starting point of reducing temperature and increasing wind speed,and vice versa in winter.Finally,based on the above research process and conclusions,the traditional construction characteristics with microclimate adaptability are summarized,and the traditional construction mode adapted to different microclimate factors is derived.The microclimate adaptation characteristics and adaptation status of traditional villages under the background of regional environment are summarized,aiming at wind environmental factors,site selection of slope toe The scattered architectural layout plays a positive role in the adjustment of this factor in the regional environment;According to the environmental factors of sunshine and temperature,the overall layout facing south,the close combination of natural elements and residential courtyards,and the height width ratio of streets and alleys have significantly improved the environment of the site;For the humidity microclimate factor,the close combination of village site selection and natural and artificial water bodies has a positive feedback effect on this factor.The research on the microclimate of the Loess Plateau is still in its infancy,and the research can effectively make up for the deficiencies in this field.At this stage,most of the research on microclimate adaptability is based on the perspective of architecture and takes residential buildings as the research object.This paper gives full play to the advantages of landscape architecture and provides relevant ideas and methods for the construction of climate adaptability of traditional village residential sites.In addition,at this stage,the research on Microclimate in landscape architecture is mainly qualitative analysis,and there is less quantitative data empirical research.This paper combines simulation and empirical research to further supplement the process of landscape architecture in microclimate research,which is helpful to put forward a scientific basis for this research.